Respiratory system Flashcards
(14 cards)
General Structures of respiratory system
- Conducting Portion
- nasal cavities
- Pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles - Respiratory Portion
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveoli
Cell types in respiratory system
- Type I pneumocytes
- 90-95%
- simple squamous epithelium
- Gas exchange - Type II pneumocytes
- 5-10%
- simple cuboidal cells, larger
- Production of surfactant - Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
- in alveoli and in septa
- phagocytose dust and baceria
Wall of respiratory system organs
- Tunica mucosa
a) Epithelium
b) lamina propria
c) lamina muscularis - Tunica submucosa
- Cartilaginous layer
- External layer - adventitia
Structure of nasal cavity
- Mucosa
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet, ciliated, brush, basal and DNES - Lamina propria
- mucous and serous glands, lymphatic nodules, Mast and Plasma cells, CT
- many thin walled venous sinuses
- nasal septum seperates the nasal cavities
- posterior-superior border of septum lined with olfactory epithelium
General Parts of Pharynx
- Superior nasopharynx
- epithelium: respiratory epithelium - Middle oropharynx
- epithelium: stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium - Inferior laryngopharynx
- epithelium: stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Lamina propria mucosae:
- LCT with elastic fibers
- mucous glands
- lymphatic tissue
- layer of skeletal muscle of pharyngeal constrictor
Larynx (function & regions)
Responsible for phonation and preventing the entry of Food and fluids into the resp. System
- Supraglottis
- epiglottis, false vocal cords and laryngeal ventricles - Glottis
- true vocal cords, anterior and posterior commissures - Subglottis
- region below true vocal cords
Epiglottis (from larynx) - function & Structure
- flattened Structure
- prevent swallowed Food from entering into trachea
Mucosa:
1. Lingual surface
- stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
2. Laryngeal surface
- Transition to respiratory epithelium
Structure of trachea
- Mucosa
- respiratory epithelium
- LPM (Loose CT)
- LMM (smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers) - Submucosa
- Loose CT
- mainly mucous glands, some serous or Mixed
- lymphatic tissues - Cartilaginous layer
- 16-20 c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
- end of c-rings Face posteriorly
- between c-rings: dense fibroelastic CT - Adventitia
- Loose CT
Bronchial tree divisions
- Main (primary)
- Lobar (secondary)
- Segmental (tertiary) bronchi
- bronchial Tree divides 15-20 times
- Airways decrease progressively in size, also decreasing of cartilage and size of cells
— increase of Smooth muscle cells and MALT (mucosa associated lymphiod tissue)
Structure of Bronchus
- mucosa
- respiratory epithelium
- LPM - Loose CT
-LMM - smooth muscle cells - Submucosa
- Loose CT with submucosal glands - Cartilage layer
- hyaline cartilage - Adventitia
- loose CT
Structure of Bronchioles
- only mucosa (respiratory epithelium, LPM and LMM) and Adventitia
- No goblet cells
- No submucosa
- No cartilage rings
Pulmonary Acinus
Structural and functional Unit of respiratory part
- Respiratory bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveolar sacs
- Alveoli
Surfactant
- contains Protein-Lipid complexes and lowers surface tension
- prevents collapse of alveoli
- enhances Inflation of alveoli
- prevents pulmonary edema
- participates in immune mechanism in lungs
Blood-Air-Barrier
- consists of
1. Alveolar cell (pneumocyte) Type I
2. Fused basement membrane of Capillary and Alveolus
3. Capillary endothelial cell
Oxygen from Alveolar Air into capillary blood and carbon-dioxide in opposite direction
