respiratory system

Question 1

What are the four processes of respiration

Answer 1

pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport, internal respiration

Question 2

What is pulmonary ventilation

Answer 2

The first step in respiration, it is the act in inhaling and exhaling

Question 3

What is external respiration

Answer 3

It is the exchange of 02 and co2 between blood and lungs at the lungs

Question 4

What is transport

Answer 4

The transportation of O2 and CO2 into and out of the tissues of the body

Question 5

What is internal respiration

Answer 5

It is the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and body tissues at the capillaries

Question 6

What are the major organs of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 6

Pharynx, larynx, nose and nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses

Question 7

What are the major organs of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 7

Lungs and alveoli, Bronchi and branches, And the trachea

Question 8

What are the functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses

Answer 8

extra airway, moistens and temp regulates air, filters and cleans air, resonating chamber for speech, house olfactory sensors

Question 9

What is most of the external nose made of

Answer 9

Hyaline cartilage

Question 10

What bones make up the nose and how are they anatomically positioned

Answer 10

The nasal and frontal bones are superior and the maxillary bones are lateral

Question 11

What divides the nasal cavity

Answer 11

the nasal septum

Question 12

What are the two mucosa membranes in the nasal cavity and what are their functions

Answer 12

The olfactory mucosa provides sense of smell and respiratory mucosa is a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelial tissue which helps remove mucus along with filtered out debris from air

Question 13

What do the nasal conchae do

Answer 13

They help increase mucosal area, and enhance air flow by funneling air through the turbinae folds

Question 14

What are the four sinuses of the face

Answer 14

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary

Question 15

Which 2 sinuses are most common for sinus infections

Answer 15

Maxillary and frontal

Question 16

What are the functions of the sinuses

Answer 16

Lighten the skull, moisten inhaled air, and secrete mucus

Question 17

What is the pharynx

Answer 17

A muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus

Question 18

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx in order from top to bottom

Answer 18

1. Nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx

Question 19

Which region of the pharynx can be examined without the use of equipment

Answer 19

The oropharynx (say ahh)

Question 20

Where is the pharyngeal tonsils and the pharyngotympanic tube

Answer 20

The nasopharynx

Question 21

Where are the palatine and lingual tonsils

Answer 21

The oropharynx

Question 22

What is streptococcal pharyngitis

Answer 22

A bacterial infection that inflames the pharynx

Question 23

What is tonsilitis and some symptoms

Answer 23

It is when the tonsils get inflamed
can cause difficulty breathing
chronic inflammation can lead to adenectomy or tonsilectomy

Question 24

What is the anatomical position of the larynx

Answer 24

between the 3rd and 6th cervical vertebra
connects to the hyoid bone

Question 25

What are the 3 functions of the larynx

Answer 25

Provide open airway, routes food and air into proper channels , contains vocal folds

Question 26

What are the 3 cartilages of the larynx

Answer 26

Thyroid cartilage , cricoid cartilage, epiglottis

Question 27

What is the large shield shaped cartilage that resembles and upright open book

Answer 27

The thyroid cartilage

Question 28

What is the cartilage that is ring shaped at the base

Answer 28

cricoid cartilage

Question 29

What are the true vocal cords also known as

Answer 29

The vocal folds

Question 30

What are the false vocal cords known as

Answer 30

vestibular folds`

Question 31

What is the function of the vestibular folds

Answer 31

They help the glottis close when swallowing

Question 32

What are the two zones of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 32

The conducting zone (transport of gas) and the Respiratory zone (Site of gas exchange)

Question 33

What structures are part of the conducting zone

Answer 33

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 34

What structures are part of the respiratory tract

Answer 34

Respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, alveolar dcuts

Question 35

Anatomically, where is the trachea compared to the esophagus

Answer 35

It is anterior

Question 36

What are the three layers of the trachea

Answer 36

mucosa, submucosa, adventitia

Question 37

What is the mucosa made of

Answer 37

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

Question 38

What does the submucosa do

Answer 38

It is a c shaped ring shaped cartilage that prevents the collapse of the trachea

Question 39

What is the Adventitia

Answer 39

The outermost layer of the trachea made of connective tissue

Question 40

What is the Carina

Answer 40

It is the last piece of cartilage before the trachea separates into two main bronchi it is used as a landmark position and looks like bikini bottoms Highly sensitive and causes violent coughing

Question 41

What is the hilum

Answer 41

The entry point of each lung

Question 42

What is a lobar bronchi

Answer 42

A secondary branch (branches of the main bronchi)

Question 43

How many lobar bronchi are in each lung

Answer 43

3 on the right 2 on the left

Question 44

What is a segmental bronchi

Answer 44

the tertiary branch of bronchi which continue to divide past point of counting

Question 45

What do segmental Bronchi eventually branch into

Answer 45

bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

Question 46

What are the actual site of gas exchange

Answer 46

Alveoli

Question 47

What do alveoli produce and what does it do

Answer 47

Surfactant helps stop alveoli from collapsing

Question 48

Where is the costal surface of the lungs

Answer 48

The anterior face that touches the ribs

Question 49

Where is the apex of the lungs

Answer 49

Deep to the clavicle

Question 50

Where is the base of the lungs

Answer 50

Resting on top of the diaphragm

Question 51

What is the cardiac notch and where is it located

Answer 51

It is in between the superior and inferior lobes of the left lung

Question 52

Which lung is bigger the left or the right

Answer 52

The right because of the position of the heart

Question 53

What are the three lobes the right lung

Answer 53

Superior, inferior, middle

Question 54

What is a pleurae

Answer 54

A thin double layered membrane that divides the thoracic cavity into two pleuaral compartments

Question 55

Where is the parietal pleura

Answer 55

On the thoracic wall, around the heart, and between the lungs,

Question 56

What is the Visceral pleura

Answer 56

membrane on the external surface of the lung

Question 57

what is the pleural space

Answer 57

The space containing pleural fluid that lubricates the lungs for inhalation and exhalation

Question 58

What is pleural effusion