Respiratory System Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system?
- Brings air from the atmosphere into the lungs
- Transfers oxygen into the blood
- Removes carbon dioxide from the blood
- Expels heat and water vapour in the air breathed out
- Allows the vocal cords to create speech as air is breathed out
What is the structure of the respiratory system?
- The conducting system
- The pleura
- The diaphragm
What is the pathway for CO2 when breathing out?
Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nose or mouth.
What is Inspiration?
The movement of air from the external environment into the lungs. Initiated by the diaphragm pulling down on the ribcage when it contracts and expanding the volume of the chest cavity.
What is Expiration?
The movement of air out of the lungs into the external environment. This occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax.
What is total lung capacity?
The volume of air that can be held in the lungs after maximum inspiration.
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air inspired and expired with each breath.
What is residual volume?
The amount of air left in the lungs at the end of a conscious, maximal expiration.
What is vital capacity?
The maximum amount of air that can be expired after maximum inspired. Consists of inspiratory reserve capacity, tidal volume and expiratory reserve capacity.
What is Vo2 max?
Vo2 max is the maximum amount of oxygen per minute that can be taken in, transported to, and used by the working muscles to produce ATP. Vo2 max tests are the best way to measure the efficiency of the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems under exercise conditions.
What is diffusion?
The movement of a molecule from a higher concentration to a lower concentration across a thin membrane.
What happens during gas exchange at the alveoli/capillary interface?
O2 moves from a higher concentration in the alveoli to a lower concentration of the capillaries. Once in the capillaries O2 attaches to hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Then during expiration, Co2 in the capillaries is under higher concentration than the air in the alveoli. Co2 diffuses into the alveoli and expelled out.
What happens during gas exchange at the capillary/muscle interface?
Oxygen-rich blood is transported to the muscles in response to the increased demand for energy. The low levels of oxygen within the muscles attract the higher concentration oxygen from within the capillaries through the thin capillary wall.
How does the respiratory system change during physical activity?
The cardiovascular system changes because the greater demand for oxygen to be delivered to the working muscles to create energy, and the associated removal of waste products.
What happens to respiratory rate during exercise?
Increased demand for oxygen and the need to remove carbon dioxide.
What happens to tidal volume during exercise?
Increases in order to supply more O2 to the blood to deliver to working muscles. TV plateaus at high intensities.
What happens to diffusion during exercise?
During physical activity, the diffusion capacity at the alveoli/capillary and muscle/capillary interface is increased to allow greater amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged at these sites. This enables an athlete to sustain vigorous activity by ensuring that the body’s energy demands, and oxygen requirements are adequately met.
What is increased oxygen uptake?
Oxygen uptake increases due to greater demand for oxygen by the muscles. This increase is linear but will not increase further once maximum levels of oxygen uptake are achieved. Increases during exercise, depending on the individual’s aerobic fitness levels.
What is oxygen deficit during exercise?
Oxygen deficit: oxygen supply does not meet demands and the anaerobic energy systems must contribute to ATP resynthesis. When intensity is increased or at the start of an exercise there is a lag time in the body’s response to activity.
What is the steady state of oxygen uptake?
Steady state occurs when oxygen supply equals oxygen demand. Aerobic energy system is the major contributor to ATP resynthesis at steady state.
What is EPOC? (In oxygen uptake)
At the completion of the exercise the demand of ATP decreases dramatically. But O2 consumption still remains higher than resting levels. This is known as excessive post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). EPOC is the volume of O2 used during recovery from exercise that is an excess of resting O2 consumption. It is greater during higher intensity and longer duration activities than lower intensity ones.
