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Anatomy & Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

Which lung is wider and shorter

A

Right

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1
Q

Name 3 functions of the respiratory system

A

Supply the body with O2

Excretory organ

Maintain pH of body fluid

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2
Q

What are the 3 lobes of the right lung

A

Superior

Middle

Inferior

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3
Q

How many lobes and fissures does the right lung have

A

3 lobes

2 fissures

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4
Q

Which lung is narrower and longer

A

Left lung

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5
Q

What are the two lobes of the left lung

A

Superior

Inferior

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6
Q

At which point do the bronchi enter the lung tissue

A

Hilum

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7
Q

Put these is order:
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Pleural cavity

A

Visceral pleura - pleural cavity - parietal pleura

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8
Q

When the respiratory system is divided by position where does the larynx go

A

Upper respiratory tract

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9
Q

The trachea is part of which tract when divided by position

A

Lower respiratory tract

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10
Q

When divided by function what makes up the respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

Alveoli

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11
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity in respiration

A

Warms cleanses and humidifies inhaled air

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12
Q

How long is the pharynx

A

13cm

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13
Q

What extends from the nose to the larynx

A

Pharynx

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14
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

The trap door at the larynx

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15
Q

What connects the laryngophrynx with the trachea

A

Larynx

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16
Q

What is the trachea made up of

A

16-20 C-shaped rings of cartilage

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17
Q

Which cells make up the respiratory mucosa in the trachea

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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18
Q

Which cells produce mucous

A

Goblet cells

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19
Q

Approximately how many alveoli are there

A

> 300 million

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20
Q

Which arteries supply the lung tissue with blood

A

Bronchial arteries

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21
Q

Which 2 muscles are involved in quiet inspiration

A 
Diaphragm (80%) 
External intercostals (20%)
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22
Q

Which nerve innovates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

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23
Q

During quiet inspiration … contracts and pulls down, the … … also contract moving the rib cage up and out

A

Diaphragm

External intercostals

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24
Q

Quiet expiration is a … process

A

Passive

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25
Q

During quiet expiration the diaphragm and external intercostals …

A

Relax

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26
Q

During forced inspiration which extra muscles are used along with the diaphragm and external intercostals

A

Scalenes
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis major

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27
Q

During forced expiration which additional muscles are used

A

Internal intercostals
Oblique and rectus abdominis muscles
Quadratus lumbourum

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28
Q

What do the internal intercostals do during forced expiration

A

Help pull the rib cage down

29
Q

What is atmospheric pressure at sea level

A

760mmHg

30
Q

What is intrapleural pressure

A

Pressure between the pleura - in the pleural cavity

31
Q

What does intrapleural pressure do

A

Stops the lungs from collapsing

32
Q

When you breath in there is … intrapleural pressure

A

Negative

33
Q

What is intrapulmonary pressure

A

Pressure difference between inside of lungs and atmosphere

34
Q

As we breath in, the rib cage goes up and out and the diaphragm pulls down, this increases the amount of space, resulting in a … of intrapulmonary pressure

A

Reduction

35
Q

As we exhale the diaphragm and external intercostals relax, reducing the size of the thoracic cavity which … the intrapulmonary pressure

A

Increases

36
Q

Air enters the lungs down pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure …

A

Equals atmospheric pressure

37
Q

In pneumonia alveolar walls are…

A

Thickened by oedema

38
Q

In emphysema alveolar walls are…

A

Destroyed

39
Q

What would you use to test the speed at which you breath out

A

Peak flow metre

40
Q

What would you use to measure the amount of air entering and leaving the lungs

A

Spirometer

41
Q

The pressure exerted by each gas is directly proportional to its % in the total gas mixture is the

A

Partial pressure

42
Q

Which gas exerts the most partial pressure in the atmosphere

A

Nitrogen

43
Q

Gases … … their pressure gradients

A

Diffuse down

44
Q

The partial pressure of O2 is … than CO2

The solubility of O2 is … than CO2

A

Greater

Less than

45
Q

98.5% of oxygen is transported bound to

A

Hb

46
Q

Hb can carry … molecules of O2

A

4

47
Q

O2 is … soluble in H2O

A

Not very

48
Q

What factors influence Hb saturation

A

CO2
Temperature
Blood acidity
Structure of Hb

49
Q

70% of CO2 is transported as … in …

A

Bicarbonate HCO3

Plasma

50
Q

What is the equation for carbon dioxide transport

A

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H + HCO3

51
Q

If co2 levels increase more H is produced making blood …

A

More acidic

52
Q

If CO2 levels decrease then less H is made, making blood more

A

Alkali

53
Q

Where is breathing controlled

A

Pons and medulla

54
Q

In respiratory acidosis

A

Too much CO2 therefore too much H

55
Q

In respiratory alkalosis

A

Too little CO2 therefore too few H therefore pH increases

56
Q

Where are the main receptors for O2 levels

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors

57
Q

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors for detecting blood O2 levels

A

Aortic bodies

Carotid bodies

58
Q

Where are the main receptors for CO2 levels

A

Central chemoreceptors

59
Q

If there is an increase in CO2 levels there is an … in ventilation

A

Increase

60
Q

If there is a decrease in CO2 levels there is an … in ventilation

A

Decrease

61
Q

What is the key driver for breathing

A

CO2

62
Q

The wall of the trachea possesses

A

C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

63
Q

During inspiration:

  1. The diaphragm relaxes
  2. The abdominal contents are displaced headwards
  3. Pressure in the alveoli is less than atmospheric pressure
  4. The lungs deflate
A

Pressure in the alveoli is less than atmospheric pressure

64
Q

Formation of HCO3 in systemic blood:

  1. Occurs in the plasma
  2. Accounts for 10% of CO2 transported
  3. Is assisted by oxygenation of Hb
  4. Results in the formation of H
A

Results in the formation of H

65
Q

What are the conchae in the nose

A

Blood filled folds of tissue

66
Q

The pleura lines the … the peritoneum lines the …

A

Chest wall

Abdominal wall

67
Q

The diaphragm and external intercostals alone are used during

A

Quiet inspiration

68
Q

During forced inspiration what are the first letters of the 4 additional muscles used

A

S
S
P
P

69
Q

In the respiratory system where is the surfactant

A

Between the alveolar and capillaries

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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