Respiratory System

Question 0

Causes of an acute cough

with normal CXR

Answer 0

Viral respiratory tract infection
Bacterial infection
Inhaled foreign body

Question 1

Red flag symptoms associated with a cough

Answer 1

Haemoptysis
Breathlessness
Fever
Chest pain
Weight loss

Question 2

Causes of an acute cough

Abnormal CXR

Answer 2

Pneumonia
Inhaled foreign body
Acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 3

Causes of a chronic cough (>8 weeks)

Normal CXR

Answer 3

GORD
Asthma
Postviral bronchial hyperreactivity
Rhinitis
Smoking
Drugs- ACE inhibitors
Dust/fumes

Question 4

Causes of a chronic cough

Abnormal CXR

Answer 4

Lung tumour
TB
Interstitial lung disease
Brinchiectasis

Question 5

Cause of clear, watery sputum

Answer 5

Acute pulmonary oedema

Question 6

Cause of frothy, pink sputum

Answer 6

Alveolar cell cancer

Question 7

Causes of clear, grey sputum

Answer 7

COPD

Chronic bronchitis

Question 8

Cause of white, viscid sputum

Answer 8

Asthma

Question 9

Causes of yellow sputum

Answer 9

Acute bronchopulmonary infection

Asthma (eosinophils)

Question 10

Causes of green sputum

Answer 10

Longer standing infection
Pneumonia
Bronchiectasis
CF
Lung abscess

Question 11

Cause if rusty red sputum

Answer 11

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 12

Non cardiorespiratory causes of SOB

Answer 12

Anaemia
Metabolic acidosis
Obesity
Psychogenic
Neurogenic

Question 13

Cardiac causes of SOB

Answer 13

L ventricular failure
Mitral valve disease
Cardiomyopathy 
Constrictive pericarditis
Pericardial effusion

Question 14

Respiratory airway causes of SOB

Answer 14

Laryngeal tumour
Foreign body
Asthma
COPD
Bronchiecstasis
Lung Ca
Bronchiolitis
CF

Question 15

Respiratory parenchymal reasons for SOB

Answer 15

Pulmonary fibrosis
Alveolitis
Sarcoidosis 
TB
Pneumonia
Tumour

Question 16

Pulmonary circulation causes of SOB

Answer 16

Pulmonary thromboembolism
Pulmonary vasculitis
Primary pulmonary ⬆️BP

Question 17

Pleural causes of SOB

Answer 17

Pneumothorax
Effusion
Diffuse pleural fibrosis

Question 18

Chest wall causes of SOB

Answer 18

Kyphoscoliosis

Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 19

Neuromuscular causes of SOB

Answer 19

MG
Neuropathies
Muscular dystrophies
Guillain-Barr syndrome

Question 20

What drugs can cause bronchoconstriction?

Answer 20

B blockers
Opioids
NSAIDs

Question 21

What drug can cause a cough?

Answer 21

ACE inhibitors

Question 22

What drug can cause Bronchiolitis obliterans

Answer 22

Penicillamine

Question 23

What drugs can cause diffuse parenchymal lung disease?

Answer 23

Cytotoxic agents - bleomycin.
Anti inflammatory agents - penicillamine, aspirin.
Cardiovascular drugs - amiodarone.
Antibiotics - nitrofuranton
Intravenous drug misuse
Radiation

Question 24

What drugs can cause pulmonary thromboembolism?

Answer 24

Oestrogens

Question 25

What drugs can cause pulmonary ⬆️BP?

Answer 25

Oestrogens Dexfenfluramine Fenfluramine

Question 26

What drugs can cause pleural effusion?

Answer 26

``` Amiodarone Nitrofurantoin Phenytoin Methotrexate Pergolide ```

Question 27

What drugs can cause respiratory depression?

Answer 27

Opioids | Benzodiazepines

Question 28

What can be seen in a patient with SVC obstruction?

Answer 28

Distended neck veins Dilated superficial veins over chest

Question 29

Common causes of tracheal deviation towards the side of the lung lesion

Answer 29

Upper lobe or lung collapse Upper lobe fibrosis Pneumonectomy

Question 30

Common cause of tracheal deviation away from the side of the lung lesion

Answer 30

Tension pneumothorax Massive pleural effusion

Question 31

Causes of an upper mediastinal mass

Answer 31

Retrosternal goitre Lymphoma Lung Ca

Question 32

Causes of early crackles

Answer 32

Small airways disease- Bronchiolitis

Question 33

Causes of middle crackles

Answer 33

Pulmonary oedema

Question 34

Causes of late crackles

Answer 34

``` Pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary oedema Bronchial secretions in COPD Pneumonia Lung abscesses Tubercular lung cavities ```

Question 35

Causes of biphasic crackles

Answer 35

Bronchiectasis

Question 36

In what condition is white cell count high?

Answer 36

Lower respiratory tract infection

Question 37

In what condition is the haematocrit high?

Answer 37

Polycythaemia

Question 38

In what conditions are eosinophils high?

Answer 38

Allergic asthma Pulmonary eosinophilia Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Question 39

In what conditions is CRP high?

Answer 39

Pneumonia | Empyema