Respiratory System Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the four process of respiration?
pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transportation of respiratory gasses (via cardiovascular system), and internal respiration
What is pulmonary ventilation?
breathing
What is external respiration?
activity in the lungs (O2/CO2 transfer)
What is internal respiration?
activity at the cellular level (O2/CO2 transfer)
What does thee Uvula do?
prevents food from coming out of your nose
Where is the conducting zone?
primary bronchi thru terminal bronchioles
What changes occur thru the conducting zone?
decreased cartilage, increased smooth muscle
Where is the respiratory zone?
respiratory bronchioles thru alveoli sacs
What zone does the O2/CO2 gas exchange NOT occur?
the conducting zone
How many alveoli are in the lungs?
300 million
What are alveoli made of?
simple squamous or type I alveolar cells
What is the surface area of all the alveoli?
about the size of a singles tennis court
What occurs at the respiratory membrane?
this is where O2 and CO2 cross
What is the respiratory membrane made up of?
alveolar type 1 cells, capillary squamous cells, shared basement membrane
What do type II cells secrete?
surfactant
What does surfactant do?
keeps the alveoli expanded
How many lobes are on each side of the lungs?
3 on the right, 2 on the left
What does the pleurae do?
covers the lungs, keeps them expanded
What happens during inspiration?
inspiritory muscles contract & thoracic cavity volume increases
What happens during expiration?
inspiritory muscles relax & thoracic cavity volume decreases
What is the tidal volume and what is the avg. measurement?
amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs each breath at rest; 500mL
How many times do we breathe per minute at rest?
12-15 times
What causes hiccups?
irritation of diaphragm or phrenic nerve
How is oxygen transported?
dissolved in plasma (1.5%) & bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin (98.5%)
