Respiratory System Flashcards by Jordyn Roggenkamp

The functional unit of the lung

Alveoli

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Functions of respiratory system

Gas exchange 
Moves air in and out of alveoli
Protects passageways from toxins
Makes sound
Gives olfactory sense

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Nose
nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx

Upper respiratory system

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Functions of upper respiratory system

Cleans air
Warms air
Moistens air

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Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Lower respiratory system

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From entrance to bronchioles

Conducting portion

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From bronchioles to alveoli

Respiratory portion

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Lines the respiratory tract

Respiratory mucosa

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Secretes mucous for lining

Lamina propina

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Extensions that move mucous and filter air

Cilia

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Nostrils

Nares

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Division of the nostrils

Septum

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Stores mucous to keep areas moist

Paranasal sinuses

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Give sense of smell

Olfactory receptors

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Cause air to sword as it enters to make more contact with he lining of the tract

Nasal conchae

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Area above the soft plate

Nasopharynx

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Soft palate to base of tongue

Oropharynx

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Hyoid bone to epiglottis

Laryngopharynx

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Made up of cartilage(hyaline)

Larynx

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Opening in the larynx

Glottis

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Upper front plate

Thyroid cartilage

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Lower front plate

Cricoid cartilage

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Flap that prevents food from entering the trachea

Epiglottis

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Prevents food from entering the larynx

False vocal cords

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Tissue that creates sound when it vibrates

True vocal cords

Process of creating sounds

Phonation

Windpipe Flexible tube 5in long Lined with mucous and cilia

Trachea

Splits once to right and the left

Primary bronchi

Area where primary bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter the lung

Hilus

Top of lung

Apex

Bottom of lung

Base

Primary bronchi and all the branches of it

Bronchial tree

Intrapulmonary bronchi

Secondary bronchi

No cartilage

Bronchioles

Contain smooth muscles

Terminal bronchioles

Bronchoconstriction (smaller)

Parasympathetic

Bronchodialation (bigger)

Sympathetic

Small segments of the lung and the blood vessels that supply them

Pulmonary lobules

Tissue that covers the surface of the lungs

Visceral pleura

Thin branches that bring air to the surface of the lungs

Respiratory bronchioles

Remove dust particles from alveoli

Alveolar macrophages

Create surfactant that keeps the walls from sticking together

Septal cells

Lack of surfactant

Respiratory distress syndrome

Thin layer that separates the air from the blood cells

Respiratory membranes

Why does air travel from Alveoli to blood rapidly

Short distance | Oxygen and CO2 are lipid soluble

Carries low oxygen blood to the lungs

Pulmonary artery

Takes high oxygen blood

Pulmonary vein

Diaphragm up

Thoracic cavity

Around each lung

Pleural cavity

Area between pleural cavities

Mediastinum

Wall of the chest

Parietal pleura

On surface of the lungs

Visceral pleura

Lubricates the surface of the lungs

Peural fluid

Exchanging gases between the air and the lungs

External respiration

Exchanging gases between the blood and the cells

Internal respiration

Low oxygen levels

Hypoxia

Complete loss of oxygen

Anoxia/apoxia

Decrease in volume increase in pressure lungs contract air out

Boyles law

Pressure of surrounding air

Atmospheric pressure

Pressure in the respiratory tract

Intrapulmonary pressure

Air in, chest out, diaphragm down

Inspiration

Air out, chest in, diaphragm up

Expiration

Ability of lungs to collapse

Compliance

1 inhalation and 1 exhalation

Respiratory cycle

Amount of air that moves in out of the lungs in one respiratory cycle

Tidal volume

Ability of the diaphragm and rib cage to vestum to its resting position

Elastic rebound

of breaths per minute

Respiratory rate

Area from entrance to alveoli

Anatomical dead space

Air that reaches the alveoli

Alveolar ventilation

Amount of air in and out at rest

Resting tidal volume

Max amount of air we can force out completely

Expiratory reserve volume

Amount of air remaining after forced exhalation

Residual volume

Amount of air in lungs when they collapse

Minimum volume

Max breath in

Inspiratory reserve volume

Total amount of air in and out in one breath

Vital capacity

Max air contracted in Lungs

Total lung capacity

Cerebral cortex and cerebellum

Voluntary respiration

Medulla oblongata and pons

Involuntary respiration

factors that affect respiration

``` Chemoreceptors Blood pressure Lung stretch receptors Irritation Pain ```

Aging and respiratory system

Lose elasticity Gradual emphazyma Arthritis in rib cage

Use of oxygen to breakdown glucose to create energy

Aerobic metabolism

Respiratory System Flashcards

(81 cards)