Respiratory System

Question 1

What organs are part of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Pharynx, Trachea, lungs, brochial passagways, and larynx

Question 2

What is the function of the Respiratory System?

Answer 2

Form a ventilation system from lungs, pharynx, trachea, and brochial passaways. Which brings in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood, while helping to maintain the acidity of the blood. Larynx prouduces sounds.

Question 3

What does the largopharynx connect to?

Answer 3

Trachea

Question 4

What are three paired hyaline cartilage structures?

Answer 4

Arytenoid, Cuniform, and corniculate.

Question 5

What are three single cartilage strucutures?

Answer 5

Thyroid, Crioid, and Epiglottis

Question 6

The vocal folds attach via small muscles to the _____ cartilage.

Answer 6

Arytenoid cartilage (ladle-like)

Question 7

The largest cartilage, ______, is seen anteriorly and has a prominance called the Adam’s apple, which is made of hyaline cartilage.

Answer 7

Thyroid cartilage

Question 8

The ______ cartilage, which is inferior to the thyroid cartilage, is larger on the posterior side than on the anterior side and consists of hyaline cartilage .

Answer 8

Cricoid cartilage

Question 9

The oval-shaped ____ is composed of elastic cartilage and closes over the glottis during swallowing.

Answer 9

Epiglottis

Question 10

The superior folds are the _____, or false vocal cords, while the ______ or true vocal cords are inferior and medial.

Answer 10

Ventricular (little belly), folds (vesitbular folds) create sound

Vocal folds

Question 11

What is the function of trachea?

Answer 11

Conducts air in the larynx –> bronchi conducts the main airway

Question 12

What are the C-shaped cartilage rings called?

Answer 12

Cricoid cartilage

Question 13

What are two functions of the trachealis muscle?

Answer 13

It connects the open sides of the C-shaped cartilage and it allows expansion of the esphagus into the trachea during swallowing.

Question 14

Where does the trachea end?

Answer 14

At the carina which is located inferiorly and branches into a shorter right and longer left primary bronchus.

Question 15

Which part on the bronchial tree is the conducting zone?

Answer 15

1) Trachea
2) Primary Bronchi
3) Secondary Bronchi
4) Tertiary Bronchi
5) Bronchioles
6) Terminal Bronchioles

Question 16

What is the purpose of the conducting zone?

Answer 16

It is the function of the respiratory system conducting air from the nose to terminal bronchioles.

Question 17

Which part of the bronchial tree is the respiratory zone?

Answer 17

1) Respiratory bronchioles
2) Alveolar Ducts
3) Alveolar sacs
4) Alveoli

Question 18

What is the purpose of the respiratory zone?

Answer 18

It gives us a deeper insight of air traveling down to the smallest part of the bronchial tree.

Question 19

What is the order of the microscopic airways to the alveoli?

Answer 19

Terminal bronchioles –> Respiratory bronchioles –> Alveolar Ducts —> Alveolar Sacs —-> Alveoli

Question 20

How many lobes does the right and left lung have?

Answer 20

Right = 3 lobes (superior, middle, & inferior)

Left=superior and inferior lobes

Question 21

Each lung has a _____, an area surrounded with pleura, where the bronchi, blood and lymphatic vessls, and nerves enter or exit the medial side of the lung.

Answer 21

Hilum

Question 22

____ lines the thoracic cavity wall, and _____ covers the surface of each lung.

Answer 22

Parietal pleura, and visceral pleura

Question 23

Nasal cavity, Paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx have what epithelia cell?

Answer 23

Psudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Question 24

Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Larynx (vocal folds and above) have what epithelia cell?

Answer 24

Stratified squamous

Question 25

Larynx (below vocal folds), trachea, and primary (main) bronchi have what epithelia cell?

Answer 25

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 26

Secondary (lobar) bronchi, tertiary (segmental) bronchi, end of tertiary (segmental) bronchi, and bronchioles, including terminal bronchioles have what epithelia cell?

Answer 26

Simple columnar, fewer cilia

Question 27

Respiratory borchioles have what type of epithelia cell?

Answer 27

Begins as simple cuboidal; ends as simple squamous

Question 28

Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli have what type of epithelia cell?

Answer 28

Simple squamous

Question 29

How does boyle's law interplay with the lungs breathing?

Answer 29

As volume increases, pressure decrease. (Exhaling/inhaling) As volume decreases, pressure increases (asthma attack)

Question 30

Normal inhalation is caused mainly by contraction of the ______.

Answer 30

Diaphragm

Question 31

During quite inhalation, contraction of the _____ further increases the width of the thoracic cage by raising the ribs.

Answer 31

External Intercoastal muscles

Question 32

What muscles cause a greater increase in thoracic volume during forced inhalation by elevating the rib cage and sternum, resutling in a greater volume of air inhaled?

Answer 32

sternoclidomastoid, scalenes, and pectoralis minor muscles

Question 33

Is normal exhalation an active or passive process?

Answer 33

Passive process---because the diaphragm is relaxing and the elastic recoil of the chest and lungs.

Question 34

What muslces are part of inhalation?

Answer 34

Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, external intercostals, and diaghragm.

Question 35

What muscles are part of exhalation?

Answer 35

Internal intercoastals, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis.

Question 36

Is the movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs that occurs when we inhale (inhalation) and exhale (exhalation) called what?

Answer 36

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 37

Is the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into pulmonary capilliaries and carbon dioxide from pulmonary capillaries to the alveoli called what?

Answer 37

External Respiration

Question 38

Is the movement of oxygen from capillaries into body cells and carbon dioxide from body cells into capillaries called what?

Answer 38

Internal respiration

Question 39

As the thorax expands, the two serous plaural membranes do what?

Answer 39

Move together and work to pull lungs outward.

Question 40

What does negative pressure mean?

Answer 40

Pressure lower than atmospheric

Question 41

What is the purpose of the spirometer?

Answer 41

An instructment used to measure lung volumes.

Question 42

What does tidal volume stand for?

Answer 42

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one normal breath

Question 43

What does Inspiratory reserve volume stand for?

Answer 43

Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation

Question 44

What does Expiratory volume stand for?

Answer 44

Maximum amount of air that can exhaled after a normal exhalation.

Question 45

What does residual volume stand for?

Answer 45

Amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.

Question 46

What vital capacity stand for?

Answer 46

Maximum volume of air expelled after a maximal inhalation