Digestive System Flashcards by Monique Harvey

What is the function of the digestive System?

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas form a system that mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs the molecules from it, and eliminates solide waste.

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What are Primary GI Tract Organs?

Mouth 
Oro- and laryngo- pharynx 
Esophagus 
Stomach 
Small Intestine 
Large

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What are Accessory Digestive Organs?

Teeth 
Tongue
Salivary Glands 
Liver 
Gallbladder 
Pancreas

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Draw out the laers of GI tract and peritoneum.

Superficial=close to lumen, deep=farther away from lumen;

Muscosa, submucosa, muscularis, and either serosa, or adventitia (adventitia in esphagus) Stomach has one more muscular layer-oblique

Folds of peritoneum secure organs: Mesentery, mesocolon, lesser and greater omentum (falciform ligament-liver)

Kidneys & pancreas-retroperitoneal

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What are the Peritoneal Cavity?

Lesser Omentum
Mesocolon
Mesentery
Greater Omentum

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What are the sphincters?

Upper Esophageal
Lower Esophageal 
Pyloric 
Ileocecal 
Anal Sphincters

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What is the function of the esphagus?

Muscular tube; Upper and lower esophageal sphinters

Layers: longtiudinal smoother muslce –shortening
Cirucular smooth muscle–squeezing
Adventitia-outermost layers

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What is the funcation of the stomach?

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloris, Rugae

Greater and lesser curvatures
Oblique Layer

Gastric Glands and pits: Parietal cells-HCl acid
Chief Cells-pepsoinogen
G cells-gastrin hormone

Has no goblet cells

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What are the parts of the small intestine?

DJ ileum-"Churn Down for Whut" 
Dueodenum
Jejunum
ileum 
lleocecal sphincter 
Segmentation 
Circular fold, villi, microvilli

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Label the parts of the large intestine.

Absorption of water, bacteria complete digestion, prepares and elminates feces

lleocecal sphincter
Appendix
Ascending, transverse, and descending colon
Teniae colon
Rectum
Anus
Anal Aphincters (External-volunatry and internal-involuntary)

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What is the liver main function?

Making bile which metabolizes lipids

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What is the gallbladder main function?

Concentrates and stores bile

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What is the pancreas main function?

Head, body, tail, secretes digestive enzymes and bicarb into the duodenum

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___ of food

Ingestion

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____ of digestive juices

secretion

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mixing and ___ of food

propulsion

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___ of food into small, absorable molecules

digestion

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____ of digestive products across the GI tract wall and into the body

Absorption

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Is digestion mechanical or chemical digestion?

Both

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What is the largest serous membrane in the body?

The peritoneum

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What are the inner and outer surfaces of the peritoneum called?

Parietal Peritoneum (inner surface) & Visceral Peritoneum (outer surface)

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What fluid is found in between the two peritoneal layers in the peritoneal cavity?

Peritoneal (serous) fluid

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What holds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

Mesentery

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What holds the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

Mesocolon

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The liver is bound to the anterior abdominal wall by the ____.

Falciform ligament

What attaches to the transverse colon and small intestine, and it resembles as a large, fatty-looking apron?

Greater Omentum

What connects to the medial curve of the stomach with the liver?

Lesser Omentum

The ___ and ____ form the roof of the mouth, the tongue forms the floor, and the cheeks form the lateral walls.

Hard and Soft Palates

The anterior border is the lips, and the posterior border is the _____, which is the opening to the oropharynx.

Fauces

The mouth is also called the oral or ____ cavity.

Buccal

The _____ is the space between the lips and teeth.

Vestibule

The lips are attached to the ___ by the ____.

Gingivia and labial frenulum

What two arches are formed that the uvula hangs down between them?

Palatglossal arch (anterior) and Palatopharyngeal (posterior)

When teeth break down food into smaller pieces by a mechanical process called what?

Mastication

What is the function of the tongue?

Mixes food with saliva, initiate chemical digestion.

Where does the oropharynx begin?

At the uvula and extends to the hyoid bone

What is the oropharynx function?

Has both respiratory and digestive functions because air, food, and liquid pass throught it

What is the largopharynx function?

Begins at the hyoid bone and divides into digestive and repiratory pathways just inferior to the epiglottis

What controls the passage of food from the largopharynx into the esphagus?

Upper Esophageal Sphincter

As food continues down the esphagus and from the upper esphageal sphincter, what's next?

Lower Esphageal Sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

What digestive function occurs in the esphagus and how is it accomplished?

Through propulsion, which moves food into the stomach and is accomplised by peristalsis, a series of contractions and relaxations of te muscularis layer.

Where does the esphagus lead to?

Superior part of the stomach

What is the first part of the stomach?

Cardia, inferior to the lower esophageal sphincter

What is the second part of the stomach?

Fundus, is the elevated area to the left of the cardia that serves as the temporary holding area for food

What is the third part of the stomach?

The body is the largest, curved part of the stomach

What comes after the body of the stomach?

The pyloric antrum

The pyloric antrum breaks down into two sectors what are they?

Plyoric canal and pyloric sphincter

Is a smooth muscle that allows food to enter the first part of the small intestine the duodenum is called what?

Pyloric sphincter

The stomach has large, conspicuous ridges in the mucosa called ____ that allow the stomach to be stretched when food and drink are present.

Rugae

The lateral curve of the stomach is the _____ and the smaller medial curve is called ____.

Greater and lesser curvature

What digestive functions does the stomach have?

Secretion of gastric jucies--begin the chemcial digestion of protein and lipids; stop chemical digestion of carbohydrates Mixing and Propulsion--propel food into the small intestine Mechanical and chemical digestion

What are the three sections of the small intestine?

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

What has the shortest section, the ____, resmebles the "C" and receives food through the pyloric sphincter.

Duodenum

The next section _____ is about 3 feet long and has a thicker layer of smooth muscle. It is named because on death it is found to be empty.

Jejunum

The ____ the last section of the small intestine, is about 6 feet long and ends at the ileoceceal sphincter (valve) where it joins the large intestine.

ileum

What are the digestive system functions of the small intestine?

Secretion: from the pancreas, liver, and intestinal glands are deposited into the lumen of the small intestine Mixing and Propulsion Mechanical and chemical digestion Absorption: occurs in small intestine

What is large intestine composed of?

Cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal

A blind pouch called the ____, which is about 2 to 3 inches long, extends inferiorly from the large intestine at the ileocecal sphincter in the lower right quadrant.

Cecum

The slender ___, which is lymphatic tissue, branches off the cecym and is also about 2 to 3 inches long.

Appendix

From the ileocecal junction, the ____ extends superiorly to the liver on the right side of the abdomen and makes a 90 turn to the left at the right colic (hepatic) flexure.

Ascending colon

The colon continues as the _____ until it reaches the spleen, where it makes another 90 turn at the left colic (splenic) flexure.

Transverse colon

The ____ then continues inferiorly on the left side to an S-shaped curve called the sigmoid colon at the level of iliac crest.

Descending colon

____ are three longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that run along the length of the large intestine.

Teniae coli

Following the sigmoid colon, at about the third sacral vertebre level, is the ____.

Rectum

The last segment of the colon is the _____, whihc has longitudinal anal columns or folds rich with blood vessels.

Anal Canal

The anal canal opens to the exterior at the an opening called the ___.

Anus

Two muscle sphincters in the anus: the ____ and ___ one is involuntary and voluntary.

Internal Sphincter | External Sphincter

What is the digestive function of the large intestine?

Absorbs large amount of water Bacteria completes digestion and produce vitamins Secretes mucus and eliminates fecal material from the body through the anus