Respiratory System

Question 0

Which structures are part of the conducting pathway? The respiratory pathway?

Answer 0

Conducting pathway: nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchii, bronchioles

Respiratory pathway: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Question 1

What are five functions of the respiratory system?

Bad Gas Can Sometimes Produce Disastrous Odors

Answer 1

1. Breathing
2. Gas Conditioning
3. Sound Production
4. Olfaction
5. Defense

Question 2

What is the purpose of the conchae?

Answer 2

Gas conditioning

Question 3

Name the location and the function of the paranasal sinuses.

Answer 3

1. Frontal
2. Ethmoid
3. Sphenoid
4. Maxillary

These spaces make bones lighter.

Question 4

What structures describe the boundaries of each of the 3 regions of the pharynx?

Answer 4

Nasal cavity, soft palate, hyoid bone, larynx

Question 5

What keeps food from entering the nasopharyx?

Answer 5

Uvula

Question 6

Name and locate the 3 types of tonsils (in the pharynx). What system are they part of?

Answer 6

1. Pharyngeal tonsil
2. Palatine tonsils
3. Lingual tonsils

Lymphatic system

Question 7

What gives the trachea its structure and keeps it open all the time?

Answer 7

Tracheal cartilage

Question 8

What give the trachea the ability of lateral and anterior flexion?

Answer 8

Anular ligaments

Question 9

Which portion of the trachea is muscular? What kind of muscle?

Answer 9

Posterior; (smooth muscle, trachealis muscle)

Question 10

What is the function of goblet cells?

Answer 10

secrete mucin

Question 11

Outline the naming schema of the braches off the trachea to the terminal branches.

Answer 11

Primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles

Question 12

How are bronchioles different from teriary bronchii?

Answer 12

1. Less than 1mm thick
2. No tracheal cartilage
3. Lined with simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium
4. Thick smooth muscle

Question 13

What happens in the alveoli?

Answer 13

Gas exchange

Question 14

What 2 cell types form the alveoli wall?

Answer 14

Alveolar Type I and II cells

Question 15

What is the function of pulmonary sulfactant? Which cells secrete it?

Answer 15

Decreases surface tension in the alveoli; Alveolar Type II cells

Question 16

Where will you find alveolar macrophages? What is their function?

Answer 16

In the alveoli; They consume any microorganism or particulate matter that makes its way into the alveolus.

Question 17

What 3 layers must gases diffuse through to move from the inhaled air to the blood in capillaries?

Answer 17

Respiratory Membrane = Alveolar wall > fused basement membrane > capillary endothelium

Question 18

What kind of epithelium covers each specific portion of the respiratory pathway?

Answer 18

Nasal Cavity - Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Sinuses - Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Pharynx - Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium > Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Larynx - Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium > after vocal folds: Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Trachea - Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Bronchii - Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Bronchioles - Simple Columnar Epithelium or Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Respiratory bronchioles - Simple Columnar Epithelium or Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Alveolar ducts - Simple Squamous Epithelium
Alveoli - Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 19

Describe the location of the visceral pleura, parietal pleura and plueral cavity.

Answer 19

Visceral pluera: outer suface of each lung

Question 20

Why is the pleura important?

Answer 20

The pleura is what attaches the lungs to the rib cage, so the lungs expand as the chest expands causing air to rush into the lungs.

Question 21

How many lobes are in each lung?

Answer 21

Right lung: 3 lobes

Left lung: 2 lobes

Question 22

Why is the left lung smaller than the right?

Answer 22

To make space for the heart.

Question 23

Are bronchopulmonary segments physically separated from each other? How many are in each lung?

Answer 23

Yes; 10 in right lung, 8-10 in left lung

Question 24

What are the two types of circulation that go to and from the lungs? Which is systemic?

Answer 24

Pulmonary and Bronchial circulation; Bronchial circulation

Question 25

Do the lungs have lymph nodes?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

What muscles are involved in passive inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 26

Inhalation: Respiratory diaphragm and external intercostals
Exhalation: recoil effect of the muscles used in passive inhalation

Question 27

What muscles are involved in forced inhalation versus exhalation?

Answer 27

Inhalation: Respiratory diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, serratus posterior superior, sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor

Exhalation: Internal intercostals, abdominals, transverse thoracis, serratus posterior inferior

Question 28

As the volume of a sealed container increases, what happens to the pressure inside (eg. intrapulmonary pressure in the lungs)?

Answer 28

Pressure decreases

Question 29

Which brach of the ANS controls bronchodilation? Bronchoconstriction? Does this make sense?

Answer 29

Sympathetic; parasympathetic; Yes - more air during fight/flight response

Question 30

What general region of the brain controls respiration rate?

Answer 30

Brainstem (medulla oblongata)