Respiratory System

Question 1

Pleura in the thoracic cavity

Answer 1

Parital pleura: costal rib surfaces (outer)

Visceral pleura: Encapsulates the lungs (inner)

Question 2

The pleural cavity is lined with

Answer 2

mesothelium. Parietal external and visceral internal

Question 3

Contents of the mediastinum

Answer 3

Heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus

Question 4

Lobes and fissures of the R and L lung

Answer 4

The R lung has 3 lobes (Superior, middle and inferior) divided by a horizontal and oblique fissure. Rests on the diaphragm.

The L lung has two lobes, a superior and inferior. Divided by an oblique fissure.

Question 5

Pulmonary Ligament

Answer 5

Where parietal and visceral meet. Stabilize the lungs and prevent friction during expansion. Contains surfactant.

Question 6

On the inner side of the R lung, there is a groove above the hilum for which vein?

Answer 6

Azygous vein. Goes above heart and drains into the superior vena cava.

Question 7

On the inner side of the L lung, there is a fossa beside the hilum and groove above the hilum. What is the fossa and groove for?

Answer 7

Groove above the hilum is for the arch of aorta.

Fossa beside the hilum is occupied by the heart.

Question 8

Pharynx 3 divisions from superior to inferior

Answer 8

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 9

Structures of the Nasopharynx

Answer 9

Eustachian/auditory tube feeds into it
Part of the respiratory tract
Above soft palate and nearby tonsils

Question 10

How does the tissue type change from the nasal cavity to nasopharynx to oropharynx.

Answer 10

Nasal cavity- Pseudostratified columnar with cilia
Nasopharynx- pseudo stratified columnar with cilia
Oropharynx- SSNK (Ciliated?)

Question 11

What type of epithelial cells are found in the nasopharynx?

Answer 11

Pseudostratified with cilia

less likely- simple columnar ciliated

Question 12

What type of epithelial cells are found in the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

Question 13

Laryngopharynx extends from the __ to the ___

Answer 13

The epiglottis to the cricoid

Question 14

What type of cartilage makes the epiglottis and cricoid? (both apart of the laryngopharynx)

Answer 14

Epiglottis- elastic cartilage

Cricoid- Hyaline cartilage

Question 15

What is the laryngopharynx function?

Answer 15

Organ of phonation (changes pitch)
Extends from epiglottis to cricoid
Common passageway for food and air. Ends as esophagus inferiorly.

Question 16

Cell type in the laryngopharynx?

Answer 16

Mainy SSNK

Question 17

Role of the epiglottis?

Answer 17

Elastic cartilage, but also a muscle that closes to cover the larynx.

Closes over the glottis of the larynx when you are eating food to allow food to pass into the esophagus. Open when you are breathing.

Question 18

___ lies closer to the thyroid than the thyroid cartilage

Answer 18

Cricoid cartilage

Question 19

Main role of the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage?

Answer 19

Protect the larynx

Question 20

Adams apple is formed by which cartilage

Answer 20

The thyroid cartilage

Question 21

How many inches wide is the trachea and how many inches in diameter?

Answer 21

4-5 inches long

1 inch in diameter

Question 22

Where is the trachea located at

Answer 22

Mediastinum anterior to the esophagus

Question 23

The trachea extends from the ___ to ___

Answer 23

Larynx to T5

Question 24

4 tissue layers of the trachea from inner to outer

Answer 24

Inner
1. Mucosa. Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cell with cilia and goblet cells.
2. Submucosa. Loose connective tissue and seromucous glands.
3. Hyaline cartilage. 16-20 C shape rings. Muscle is attached to the end of the rings.
4. Adventitia binds trachea to other organs such as the esophagus.
Outer

Question 25

Characteristics of the bronchus

Answer 25

Rigid structure similar to trachea. Contains hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle. Smaller diameter than trachea. becomes smaller as it branches into the secondary and then tertiary bronchi. Pseudostratified columnar then transitions to a simple columnar between the secondary and tertiary bronchi.

Question 26

What do the primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi supply?

Answer 26

Primary supplies each lung. Secondary supplies each lobe of the lungs (3 right and 2 left) Tertiary supplies each bronchopulmonary segment.

Question 27

Tertiary bronchi branch into

Answer 27

Bronchioles. Forms the respiratory tree along with the bronchi and trachea.

Question 28

What is the role of glands in the nasal cavity.

Answer 28

Warm and humidify air.

Question 29

What are the three zones of the respiratory system

Answer 29

Conducting zone. Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles Transition zone according to Dr. Powell. Is the respiratory bronchioles. Respiratory zone is the alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli.

Question 30

The conducting zone contains what and what are its characteristics?

Answer 30

Conducting zone contains the Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles. Contains cartilage. Smooth muscle. Controls airflow. Minimal Co2/O2 exchange.

Question 31

The respiratory zone contains what and what are its characteristics?

Answer 31

Technically contains the respiratory bronchiole (Dr. Powell considers this a transition zone) Contains the alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli. Does not contain cartilage.

Question 32

How many alveoli per lung

Answer 32

400-500 million

Question 33

Where does O2/Co2 exchange occur?

Answer 33

Alveoli

Question 34

Epithelium of the bronchus, bronchioles, and alveolus

Answer 34

Bronchous- pseudo stratified ciliated columnar Bronchioles- Non ciliated simple cuboidal Alveoli- simple squamous

Question 35

Clara cells are found where and what is their role

Answer 35

Found in the bronchioles. Stationary. Has immune role to help trap particles. Also helps bronchioles keep their structure by producing surfactant. This increases surface tension and prevents the bronchioles from collapsing.

Question 36

Where are dust cells found and what is their role?

Answer 36

Dust cells are free roaming with the alveoli sacs ?? They are special macrophages that eat toxins.

Question 37

Type I vs Type II alveoli cells

Answer 37

Type I: O2/Co2 exchange. | Type II: Plays a role with surface tension.