Respiratory system

Question 1

4 S/S of Acute Bronchitis?

Answer 1

• productive cough (clear - viral)
• chest pain when breathing
• low grade temp
• malaise

Question 2

Tx for acute bronchitis includes: 
• antibiotics 
• bronchodilators 
• antitussives 
Why?

Answer 2

• if bacterial
• Ventalin(blue puffer); causes vasodilation of breathing muscles
• cough medicine (take @ HS)

Question 3

Chronic bronchitis is one of the 3 diseases of _______. The cilia become impaired reducing ability to remove irritants.

Answer 3

COPD

Question 4

Chronic bronchitis can lead to: airway _____________, which causes obstruction & bronchospasms. ⬆️_______ & ⬇️________

Answer 4

Scarring

O2 & CO2

Question 5

(5) S/S of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 5

• dyspnea on exertion
• cough & mucus production
• barrel chest
• cyanosis
• tachycardia/tachypnea

Question 6

Tx for chronic bronchitis? (5)

Answer 6

• Home O2 - ⬇️88%
• Bronchodilators
• Corticosteroids - PO
• Antibiotics - PRN
• Expectorants - expell phlegm

Question 7

Pneumonia is an acute infection in the alveoli; there are 2 types

Answer 7

• lobar (1 lobe)

* bronchopneumonia (scattered)

Question 8

There are several ways to get pneumonia (5)

Answer 8

• Bacterial
• Viral
• Fungal
• Aspiration
• Chemical

Question 9

Nsg care for pneumonia?

Answer 9

“Good lung down” if rt sided pneumonia, lay pt on their lt side

Question 10

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by __bacterium

Answer 10

myo

Question 11

TB is ______ isolation; 5-10% of infections progress to the disease

Answer 11

airborne

Question 12

TB causes necrosis, abscesses, _______, & ____________

Answer 12

fibrosis & calcification

Question 13

TB may progress to: (3)

Answer 13

• recurring fever with chills
• night sweats
• hemoptysis

Question 14

There are 2 Dx for TB:

Answer 14

PPD & Mantoux Test

Question 15

a collapse of the alveoli is called ____________

Answer 15

atelectasis

Question 16

3 s/s of atelectasis

Answer 16

• dyspnea
• restlessness
• ⬆️ HR, RR, BP, & Temp

Question 17

Nsg care for a pt with atelectasis? (4)

Answer 17

• DB & C, Incentive Spirometer
• chest physio/ambulation
• position change q 2hrs
• analgesics

Question 18

inflammation of the bronchial tree lining & spasms of smooth muscle is known as _____. It is tendency inherited & increases with incidence

Answer 18

asthma

Question 19

4 Triggers of asthma?

Answer 19

• allergies
• exercise; physical fatigue
• emotional factors
• GERD

Question 20

cystic fibrosis is a disorder of the ______ glands. (pancreas - Amylase, Protease, Lipase) that affects the lungs, GI tract, & sweat glands.

Answer 20

exocrine

Question 21

the cause of cystic fibrosis is ______.

Answer 21

genetic

Question 22

5 S/S of cystic fibrosis

Answer 22

• appears in infancy
• resp. symptoms
• clubbing
• hemoptysis
• foul-smelling stool (lack of enzymes)

Question 23

Tx for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 23

there is no cure; control infections & relieve symptoms

• physio (cupping)
• medication
• pancreatic enzyme replacement

Question 24

2 causes of a pulmonary embolism

Answer 24

• DVT

- Fat emboli

Question 25

4 S/S of pulmonary embolism

Answer 25

- sudden onset dyspnea - cough - anxious - ⬆️ RR, HR, T (WBCs fighting; 7-10 days to destroy clot)`

Question 26

A pulmonary embolism is an emergency; 3 Tx's include:

Answer 26

- IV anticoagulants (heparin), thrombolytics for lrg clots - Warfarin (oral) x 3-6m or 1 year - O2

Question 27

Pneumothorax is also known as a ________ _____. Caused by injury, severe coughing, or idiopathic.

Answer 27

collapsed lung

Question 28

why does the lung collapse?

Answer 28

a collection of air in the pleural space

Question 29

5 types of Pneumothorax:

Answer 29

- Hydrothorax - water - Hemothorax - blood - Spontaneous - just occurs - Traumatic - knife/MVA/rib puncture - Tension - deviated trachea

Question 30

2 S/S of pneumothorax include: - asymmetrical chest expansion - mediastinal shift (trachea may deviate; unaffected side) What are 2 other s/s?

Answer 30

- restlessness/anxiety | - ⬇️/absent breath sounds

Question 31

Tx for pneumothorax

Answer 31

chest tube - 5th & 6th intercostal space

Question 32

________ occurs when air is trapped in the alveoli during expiration causing alveoli to overstretch & distention occurs; type of COPD

Answer 32

emphysema

Question 33

keeping the ___ low, allows the ___ to tell the body to breathe

Answer 33

O2, CO2

Question 34

3 S/S of emphysema

Answer 34

- hypercapnia (low O2, high CO2) - orthopnea - hound dog syndrome (tongue out; fighting for air)