Respiratory System Anatomy Lab 4

Question 1

What are the two broad divisions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Conducting and Respiratory portions

Question 2

Conducting portion of respiratory system

Answer 2

functions to condition and transport air between the external atmosphere and the lungs

Question 3

Respiratory portion of the respiratory system

Answer 3

where gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary interface actually occurs

Question 4

Primary entryway air travels from the external environment

Answer 4

nose (mouth is secondary)

Question 5

Nasal conchae

Answer 5

generates turbulance in the air flow and causes it to swirl around

Question 6

Order that air passes through body

Answer 6

1. Air passes through either nose (primary) or mouth (secondary). 2. Nasal Cavities (hairs) 3. Nasal conchae
2. Nasopharynx 5. Oropharynx 6. Laryngopharynx 7. Larynx 8. Trachea 9. Primary Bronchi 10. Left and Right lung

Question 7

Nasal Cavity location

Answer 7

behind nose

Question 8

nasopharynx location

Answer 8

Behind nasal cavity

Question 9

oropharynx location

Answer 9

Under nasopharynx and behind mouth

Question 10

laryngopharynx location

Answer 10

Underneath the oropharynx and behind the epiglottis and larynx

Question 11

epiglottis location

Answer 11

food flap

Question 12

larynx location

Answer 12

throughout area under the vocal cord, in the trachea : it consists of the thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and vestibular fold

Question 13

thyroid cartilage

Answer 13

large section covering the thyroid, above the cricoid cartilage

Question 14

cricoid cartilage

Answer 14

right under the thyroid cartilage

Question 15

vestibular fold

Answer 15

located above the vocal fold. in middle of thyroid cartilage

Question 16

vocal cord

Answer 16

fold under the vestibular fold

Question 17

trachea location

Answer 17

bumpy tube air goes down

Question 18

tracheal cartilage

Answer 18

not fully closed rings around the trachea, which enables expansion

Question 19

carina location

Answer 19

where the bronchi splits into the primary bronchi, at the base of the trachea

Question 20

primary bronchi

Answer 20

two branches stemming from the trachea off of the carina

Question 21

secondary bronchi

Answer 21

stemming off from the primary bronchi, still somewhat large, getting closer to the smallest (tertiary bronchi)

Question 22

tertiary bronchi

Answer 22

smallest branches of bronchi, branching off of the secondary bronchi

Question 23

Primary spot for gas exchange

Answer 23

alveolus

Question 24

What is the respiratory membrane composed of? hint: multiple layers

Answer 24

type 1 alveolar epithelial cells, acellular basement membrane, endothelium of the capillary bed that surrounds each alveolus

Question 25

respiratory bronchiole

Answer 25

branches off from the tertiary bronchi, it holds the alveolar ducts.

Question 26

Alveolus

Answer 26

where the primary gas exchange location is. each individual sac

Question 27

Describe how oxygen passes from the alveolar sac to the hemoglobin inside a erythrocyte.

Answer 27

1. O2 must pass into and out of the alveolar epithelial cell (2 membrane bilayers) 2. diffuse through the basement membrane and then into and out of the endothelial cell (simple squamous epithelial tissue) that lines the blood capillary (2 membrane bilayers) 3. Crosses membrane of the erythocyte.

Question 28

Two layers that surround the lung

Answer 28

1. Visceral pleura 2. Parietal Pleura

Question 29

What is located between the visceral and parietal pleura?

Answer 29

the Pleural cavity which includes pleural fluid.

Question 30

Pleural fluids purpose

Answer 30

it is a slippery thin fluid that allows the lungs to move within the pleura sac in a relitively frictionless environment

Question 31

which lung is smaller, right or left

Answer 31

left

Question 32

what two lobes does the left lung consist of

Answer 32

superior, inferior

Question 33

what lobes does the right lung consist of

Answer 33

superior, middle, inferior

Question 34

what fissure is the left lung seperated by

Answer 34

oblique fissure

Question 35

what fissure(s) is the right lung seperated by

Answer 35

oblique, horizontal

Question 36

where is the diaphragmatic surface facing

Answer 36

inferior, facing the diaphragm

Question 37

where is the costal surface facing

Answer 37

lateral, anterior, and posterior, faces the rib cage

Question 38

where is the mediastinal surface facing

Answer 38

medial surface, basically facing the heart and trachea

Question 39

Where is the hilum

Answer 39

it is the indented region of the lung where the primary bronchi and pulmonary arteries enter the lung, and the pulmonary veins exit the lung.

Question 40

which fissure is higher on the right lung

Answer 40

horizonal fissure

Question 41

Where is the visceral pleura located

Answer 41

on the inside touching the lung

Question 42

where is the parietal pleura located

Answer 42

on the outside, this one does not move. it lines the thoracic cavity

Question 43

what is the cardiac impression

Answer 43

dip on the inside of the left lung where the heart sits

Question 44

where would the primary bronchi be located on a cadaver

Answer 44

where the chest is, under sternum

Question 45

what kind of tissue is the lung lined by?

Answer 45

non-keritinized, stratified squamous epithelium

Question 46

what is the remainder of the conducting system of the lung lined by?

Answer 46

pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which includes cilia, and goblet cells-which produce mucus

Question 47

mucocilary elevator definition

Answer 47

cilia of pseudostratified columnar epithelium "sweep" the debris that the mucus picks up. This is the eliminating particulate matter.

Question 48

does the bronchi of the lung decrease as you travel more distally down it?

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

does the shape of the epithelial cells gradually transition from pseudostratified columnar to cuboidal (respiratory bronchioles) to simple squamous (within the alveoli)

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

the three main types of cells within the alveolus

Answer 50

alveolar macrophages, type 2 alveolar cells, type 1 alveolar epithelial cells

Question 51

alveolar macrophages function

Answer 51

clears debris and pathogens

Question 52

type 2 alveolar cells function

Answer 52

produce pulmonary surfactant

Question 53

type 1 alveolar epithelial cells function

Answer 53

participate primarily in gas exchange.

Question 54

What forms the respiratory membrane, across which gas exchange occurs?

Answer 54

the simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus in conjunction with the basement membrane and endothelium of the lung capillary.

Question 55

what do alveolar macrophages look like under the microscope?

Answer 55

large globs that are not attached to the type 1 or 2 cells

Question 56

what happens during inhalation?

Answer 56

thoracic cavity expands, and a negative pressure is created, air enters the lungs