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Respiratory System, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive System > Respiratory System, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive System > Flashcards

Respiratory System, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

ventilation

A

breathing

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2
Q

mechanical respiration

A

bring air in and bring air out

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3
Q

external respiration

A

bringing o2 into the body into lungs co2 pushed back out and exchange with the blood.

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4
Q

Internal respiration

A

taking o2 to tissues and carrying to body

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5
Q

cellular respiration

A

o2 in tissues and putting in each individual cell. produces ATP

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6
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

takes place in the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy

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7
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

produces energy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen.

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8
Q

Tidal volume

A

the amount of air that moves in and out with each breath.

normal breathing

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9
Q

Vital capacity

A

is the maximum amount of air that can be moved out in a single breath

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10
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

Inspiration can be increased by expanding the chest. active

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11
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

expiration can be increased by CONTRACTING the abdominal and thoracic muscles. passivr

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12
Q

residual volume

A

air remaining in lungs after deep exhalation

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13
Q

The place in the back of the mouth through which both food and air pass is the

A

pharynx

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14
Q

The waste products of respiration are

A

water and carbon dioxide

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15
Q

True or false? Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the capillaries.

A

false

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16
Q

The actual site of gas exchange in the respiratory system is the

A

alveoli

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17
Q

True or false? Vital capacity is the movement of air during normal inspiration and expiration

A

false

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18
Q

Cilia in the respiratory tract serves to

A

filter dust from the air

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19
Q

Shortness of breath is known as

A

dyspnea

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20
Q

The gas concentration of blood is constantly monitored by

A

chemoreceptors

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21
Q

An inadequate supply of oxygen to the tissues results in a condition called

A

hypoxia

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22
Q

The volume of air in a normal breath is called

A

tidal

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23
Q

True or false. All tissues in your body receive the same amount of oxygen at any given time

A

false

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24
Q

True or false. During inspiration, the diaphragm moves upward.

A

false

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25
True or false? The purpose of the turbinate's is to warm and moisten your inspired air.
true
26
apena
stop external breathing
27
Where is the intrinsic factor produced?
stomach
28
true or false. The pH of the stomach is approximately 7.
false. 1.5-3.5
29
true or false. Parietal cells secrete pepsinogen.
false. HCI
30
the enzyme that functions at the lowest pH
pepsin
31
What do parietal cells secrete?
HCI
32
what does The hormone gastrin stimulate?
gastric motility.
33
What is the enzyme responsible for protein digestion in the small intestine?
trypsin
34
Vitamin B12, which is needed for red blood cell production, requires ___________ for its absorption.
intrisnic factor
35
what does CCK stimulate?
the gall bladder to release bile into small intestine
36
Gastrin is a hormone of the digestive tract which stimulates?
parietal cells in the stomach to start producing HCl in preparation for food
37
Mouth: | Enzymes produced ?
salivary amylase and lingual lipase | Start Carbohydrate digestion
38
in the stomachChief cells produce?
pepsinogen
39
In the stomachHCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin which?
is the active enzyme to start protein digestion
40
In the stomach, HCl inactivates salivary amylase, so?
carbohydrate digestion stops
41
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids all complete digestion here and are absorbed here.
small intestine
42
buffers in the mouth?
neutralize acid to prevent tooth decay
43
Water is reabsorbed to the bloodstream along the ascending or descending loop of Henle.
decending
44
true or false High blood pressure is inversely proportional to the rate of urine formation.
true
45
Most sodium is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by
the proximal convoluted tubule
46
Which substance is not normally found in the urine?
glucose
47
An increased amount of ADH leads to
decrease in urine
48
``` Which of the following is not a step in urine formation Select one: a. Glomerular filtration b. Glomerular absorption c. Tubular reabsorption d. Tubular secretion e. all of the above ```
B
49
true or false. Aldosterone and ADH tend to have the same effect on blood concentration.
true
50
In the nephron where does filtration occur?
glomerulus
51
In the nephron where does reabsortion occur?
Pooximal tubule
52
In nephron where does tubule secreation occur?
In distal convulted tubule
53
in the nephron where is urine removed?
collecting duct
54
what does glomerular filtarte consist of?
water, salt glucose, nutrient molecules, and waste
55
what is unable to pass through the glomerular?
plasma proteins, blood cells, and platelets
56
What does tubular reabsorption do?
removes useful solutes from the filtrate and returns them to the blood
57
glucose, amino acids and positively charges ions are actively reabsorbed to the blood here
promimal convoluted tubule
58
where is water passively reabsorbed in the nephron loop
decending nephron loop
59
wherein the nephron loop are solutes reabsorbed
ascending loop
60
The function of the tubular secretion?
Removes additional wastes from the blood and adds them to the filtrate.
61
what stimulates reabsorption of salts from the filtrate into the blood and stimulates the secretion of potassium from the blood into the filtrate?
aldosterone hormone
62
antidiuretic hormone?
controls the amount of water reabsorbed from filtrate
63
excretion of hypertonic urine is dependent upon reabsorption of water from where?
the loop of the nephron and collecting duct
64
What are 2 major areas where we reabsorb water urine and put it back to the blood in?
loop of nephron, and collecting duct in descending loop of nephron
65
if you have ________ it means your pituitary gland is not secreting antidiuretic hormone without that we can't reabsorb water.
Diabetes insipidus
66
water balance is in?
decending loop and collecting duct
67
what hormone inhibits reabsorption of Na and water from the distal convoluted tubule?
atrial natriuretic hormone
68
The time when the egg is released from the ovary is called?
ovulation
69
``` The hormone that works with estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg is Select one: a. LH b. FSH c. ADH d. progesterone ```
d
70
true or false. There is 3 phases to the menstrual cycle.
false
71
what is spermatogenesis
production of sperm cells occurs in the seminiferous tubules and begins at puberty
72
what gives the sperm it's energy to keep tail moving
mitochondria
73
what happens in prophase 1
crossing over exchange of genetic material all maternal and paternal chromosomes are going to pair up.
74
what is synapsis
maternal ans paternal are joined togerther
75
what does a primary follicle contain
an immature oocyte
76
what dies a graafian (vesicular) follicle contain?
growing follicle with maturing oocyte
77
Cilia function
slowly move the oocyte towards the uterus

Respiratory System, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive System (1 decks)

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