Respiratory system part 1

Question 1

Functions of respiratory system

Answer 1

1. Regulation of Blood pH
2. Voice production
3. Olfaction
4. Innate immunity

Question 2

Alters blood pH by changing blood CO2 levels

Answer 2

Regulation of blood pH

Question 3

Air past the vocal cords makes sound and speech

Answer 3

Voice production

Question 4

Sensation of smell

Answer 4

Olfaction

Question 5

Protects against some microorganisms, by preventing it from entering our body by removing them from respiratory surfaces

Answer 5

Innate immunity

Question 6

Divisions of respiratory system

Answer 6

• Upper respiratory tract
• Lower respiratory tract

Question 7

Organs belonging to upper respiratory tract

Answer 7

Nose
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx

Question 8

Organs belonging to lower respiratory tract

Answer 8

Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

Question 9

Consist of external nose and nasal cavity

Answer 9

Nose

Question 10

visible structure (compose of hyaline cartilage)

Answer 10

External nose

Question 11

is consist of bone and cartilage covered by connective tissue and skin

Answer 11

Bridge of external nose

Question 12

or nostrils, external opening of the nose

Answer 12

Nares

Question 13

or funnels, opening into the pharynx

Answer 13

Choanae

Question 14

prominent body ridges, present on each side of the nasal cavity

Answer 14

Conchae

Question 15

are air filled spaces within bone

Answer 15

Paranasal sinuses

Question 16

Paranasal sinuses includes

Answer 16

• Maxillary
• frontal
• Ethmoidal
• Sphenoidal

Question 17

inflammation of the mucous membrane of a sinus, once inflamed they produce excess mucous.

Answer 17

Sinusitis

Question 18

carry tears from the eyes (also open into the nasal cavity)

Answer 18

Nasolacrimal ducts

Question 19

dislodge foreign substance from the nasal cavity

• During this reflex, the uvula and soft palate are depressed

Answer 19

Sneeze reflex

Question 20

stimulated by exposure to bright light such as the sun

• also sometimes called ACHOO

Answer 20

Photic sneeze reflex

Question 21

ACHOO

Answer 21

autosomal dominant compulsive helio-ophthalmic outbursts

Question 22

Throat, is a common passageway for both respiratory and digestive tract

Answer 22

Pharynx

Question 23

Three regions of Pharynx

Answer 23

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 24

superior part of the pharynx, posterior to choanae, superior to the soft palate

Answer 24

Nasopharynx

Question 25

little grape, posterior extension of the soft palate.

Answer 25

Uvula

Question 26

extends from uvula to the epiglottis, thus food and air passes through the oropharynx

Answer 26

Oropharynx

Question 27

passes posterior to the larynx and extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the esophagus

Answer 27

Laryngopharynx

Question 28

commonly called the voice box, located in the anterior throat and extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea

Answer 28

Larynx

Question 29

Three functions of Larynx

Answer 29

1. Maintains an open airway 2. Protects the airway during swallowing 3. Produces voice

Question 30

Shield shape or Adam's apple

Answer 30

Thyroid cartilage

Question 31

ring shape

Answer 31

Cricoid cartilage

Question 32

The 3 pairs of cartilage

Answer 32

1. Cuneiform cartilage (wedge shape) 2. Corniculate cartilage (horn shape) 3. Arytenoid cartilage (ladle shape)

Question 33

2 sets of vocal ligaments

Answer 33

1. Vestibular folds 2. Vocal folds

Question 34

false vocal cords, superior

Answer 34

Vestibular folds

Question 35

true vocal cords (inferior)

Answer 35

Vocal folds

Question 36

are the primary source of voice production.

Answer 36

Vocal folds

Question 37

inflammation of the mucous epithelium of the vocal folds (thus inhibits voice production)

Answer 37

Laryngitis

Question 38

windpipe, Allows air to flow into the lungs

Answer 38

Trachea

Question 39

What tissue makes up the trachea

Answer 39

Connective tissue

Question 40

Reinforces trachea

Answer 40

16 to 20 "C-shaped" rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 41

at the posterior of the C-shape rings, consist of

Answer 41

- Elastic, ligamentous membrane - and bundles of smooth muscle

Question 42

what type of membrane lines the trachea?

Answer 42

- Mucous membrane

Question 43

The membrane of trachea is consists of

Answer 43

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 44

The membrane of trachea is consists of

Answer 44

Cilia and goblet cells

Question 45

The trachea divides into left and right main bronchi or primary bronchi

Answer 45

Bronchi

Question 46

more horizontal than right because it is displaced by the heart

Answer 46

Left main bronchus

Question 47

principal organs of respiration, cone shape, base resting in diaphragm

Answer 47

Lungs

Question 48

lobes of right lung

Answer 48

1. Superior lobe 2. Middle lobe 3. Inferior lobe

Question 49

Lobes in the left lung

Answer 49

1. Superior lobe 2. Inferior Lobe

Question 50

Each lobe is divided into

Answer 50

bronchopulmonary segments

Question 51

consist of the main bronchi and many branches

Answer 51

Tracheobronchial tree

Question 52

Each main bronchus is divided into

Answer 52

Lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi)

Question 53

Lobar bronchi in turn is divided into

Answer 53

Segmental bronchi (Tertiary bronchi)

Question 54

also subdivide numerous times to give rise to Terminal bronchioles

Answer 54

Bronchioles

Question 55

Terminal bronchiles is divided into

Answer 55

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 56

Each respiratory bronchioles is subdivided to form

Answer 56

Alveolar ducts

Question 57

hollow sacs, are small air filled chambers where the air and the blood come into close contact with each other

Answer 57

Alveoli

Question 58

is where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place

Answer 58

Respiratory membrane

Question 59

Respiratory membrane is consist of what layers

Answer 59

2 layers of simple squamous, including secreted fluid called alveolar fluid

Question 60

Layers of respiratory membrane

Answer 60

1. Thin layer of alveolar fluid 2. Alveolar epithelium 3. Basement membrane 4. Thin interstitial space 5. Basement membrane of capillary endothelium 6. Capillary endothelium

Question 61

Specialized secretory cells within the walls of the alveoli secrete a chemical

Answer 61

Surfactant

Question 62

What does surfactant do?

Answer 62

Reduces the tendency of alveoli to recoil