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54/64 unit 3 > Respirtory Pharmacology > Flashcards

Respirtory Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How should the nurse administer two inhalers, one of which is a bronchodilator and the other one being steroid-based?

A

Give the bronchodilator first, wait 5 min (allow bronchioles to open up), give the second inhaler

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2
Q

Side effects of anticholinergics

A

Can’t see, pee, spit, shit: blurred vision and dilated pupils (mydriasis), urinary retention, dry mouth and eyes, decreased sweat, constipation, flushed face, delirium and confusion, increased body temperature

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3
Q

Upper respiratory drug classes

A

Antitussives, expectorants, decongestants, antihistamines

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4
Q

Class of medications that work by suppressing the cough reflex

A

Antitussives

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5
Q

Example of non-opioid antitussive

A

Dextromethorphan

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6
Q

Characteristics of non-opioid antitussives such as dextromethorphan

A

Chemically related to opiates, affects cough center in brain, rare to see CNS side effects in recommended dose of 15 mg

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7
Q

Example of opioid Antitussive

A

Codeine

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8
Q

Characteristics of opioid antitussives such as codeine

A

Many SE (sedation, delirium), used in numerous cough syrup preparations and is often combined with other respiratory drugs

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9
Q

Class of medication that liquefies and decreases viscosity of secretions so it is easier to cough up

A

Expectorants

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10
Q

Expectorants patient education

A

Essential to take with full glass of water and drink water frequently while on these medications

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11
Q

Example of expectorant

A

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

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12
Q

Oral and topical agents used to treat nasal congestion associated with the common cold

A

Decongestants

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13
Q

Examples of decongestants

A

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and Oxymetazoline (Afrin, Neo-synephrine) nasal spray

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14
Q

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) side effects

A

Heart palpitations, restlessness, shakiness, difficulty sleeping, dry mouth, headaches

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15
Q

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) contraindications

A

Hypertension

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16
Q

Class of medication that block histamines released in response to allergens that cause constriction of bronchioles and increased secretions

A

Antihistamines

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17
Q

Example of first generation antihistamine

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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18
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) side effects

A

Sedation and anticholinergic effects

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19
Q

Examples of second generation antihistamines

A

Fexofenadine (Allegra), loratidine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec)

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20
Q

Benefits of second generation antihistamines

A

Fewer anticholinergic side effects and do not cause sedation

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21
Q

Lower respiratory medication classes

A

Mucolytics, bronchodilators (adrenergics, methylxanthines), anticholinergics, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene antagonists, steroids (PO or inhaled), analeptics

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22
Q

Drugs that break up thick, tenacious secretions

A

Mucolytics

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23
Q

Mucolytics route of administration

A

Inhalation

24
Q

Mucolytics indications

A

COPD, cystic fibrosis

25
Q

Example of Mucolytic

A

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

26
Q

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) patient education

A

Smells like rotten eggs! May have side effect such as bronchospasm, burning in airway, and nausea. Given PO/IV for Tylenol overdose

27
Q

Class of medication that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by acting as agonists on beta 2 receptors

A

Bronchodilators

28
Q

Adrenergic bronchodilators

A

Nonselective alpha and beta, non-selective beta (beta 1 in heart, beta 2 in lungs), noncatecholamine beta 2 (short and long acting beta agonist - SABA and LABA)

29
Q

Example of nonselective alpha and beta adrenergic bronchodilator

A

Epinephrine (EpiPen)

30
Q

Example of nonselective beta adrenergic bronchodilator

A

Isoproterenol

31
Q

Side effect of isoproterenol

A

Pink sputum

32
Q

Examples of short acting beta agonist (SABA) known as “rescue inhalers”

A

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir) and metaproterenol (Alupent)

33
Q

Example of long-acting beta agonist (LABA)

A

Salmeterol (Serevent)

34
Q

Subclass of bronchodilators that are metabolized into caffeine in the liver

A

Methylxanthines

35
Q

SE of methylxanthines

A

Similar to caffeine toxicity, develop tolerance after 2 weeks

36
Q

Methylxanthines have a low therapeutic window and become toxic over ___ mcg/mL

A

20

37
Q

Examples of methylxanthines

A

Theophylline, aminophylline

38
Q

Methylxanthines contraindications

A

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, cardiac problems, hypertension, glaucoma

39
Q

Methylxanthines considerations

A

Children metabolize faster, smokers need higher doses of

40
Q

Class of medication that blocks acetylcholine resulting in bronchodilation

A

Anticholinergics

41
Q

Example of anticholinergic

A

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

42
Q

Cells that release mediations in response to allergens causing inflammation

A

Mast cells

43
Q

Class of medication that prevent mast cell degranulation and release of histamine, kinins, etc.

A

Mast cell stabilizers

44
Q

Mast cell stabilizers patient education

A

Takes several weeks to see effects, NO benefit during acute attack

45
Q

Class of medication that can sometimes be used for exercise-induced asthma

A

Mast cell stabilizers

46
Q

Example of mast-cell stabilizer

A

Cromolyn sodium (Intal)

47
Q

Inflammatory mediators that are 1000x more potent than histamines and cause smooth muscle constriction, edema, and mucus production

A

Leukotrienes

48
Q

Class of medication used for prevention of allergies and asthma; NOT for acute episodes

A

Leukotriene antagonists

49
Q

Example of leukotriene antagonist

A

Montelukast (Singulair)

50
Q

Montelukast (Singulair) black box warning

A

Increased risk of depressive effects

51
Q

Class of medication that can be inhaled, taken PO, or IV and are useful in the treatment of lower respiratory conditions

A

Steroids

52
Q

Steroids given through the _________ route have less side effects (not systemic) and are limited more to the lungs

A

Inhaled

53
Q

Examples of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Fluticasone, budesonide, beclomethasone

54
Q

Corticosteroids that can be taken IV or orally

A

Methylprednisolone, prednisone

55
Q

Class of medication that stimulate respiration

A

Analeptics

56
Q

Example of analeptics that stimulates respiratory center in the medulla and is used in newborn apnea in premature infants

A

Caffeine

57
Q

Example of analeptic that activates carotid chemoreceptors and is often used in the PACU/after surgery

A

Doxapram

54/64 unit 3 (8 decks)

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