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Animal Breeding|ANSC3500 > Response to Selection & Correlated Response > Flashcards

Response to Selection & Correlated Response Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four methods of genetic prediction?

A
  • Genomic Selection
  • Mass Selection (Individual)
  • BLUP
  • Selection Index
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2
Q

What does S stand for?

A

Selection Differential

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3
Q

Define Selection Differential.

A

Superiority of the parents over the average.

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4
Q

What does R stand for?

A

Selection Response

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5
Q

Define Selection Response.

A

The change in the average of a particular trait due to selection for that trait.

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6
Q

What is the Breeder’s Equation?

A

R = h^2 x S

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7
Q

What are the four factors that affect Selection Response?

A
  • Heritability (h^2)
  • Selection Intensity (i)
  • Generation Interval (L)
  • Accuracy of Selection
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8
Q

Define Accuracy of Selection.

A

A measure of the strength of the relationship between the true breeding values and their predictions for a trait under selection.

OR

Measures how well the BV of an animal is estimated.

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9
Q

Define Selection Intensity (i).

A

Represents the mean of the selected proportion in phenotypic standard deviations.

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10
Q

What is the equation for Selection Intensity?

A

i = S / (phenotypic standard deviation)

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11
Q

High intensity Selection Response causes:

A
  • parents far better than average
  • superior offspring
  • fast genetic change
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12
Q

Low intensity Selection Response causes:

A
  • parents not much better than average
  • offspring will be average
  • slow genetic change
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13
Q

Selection response is ______________ related to selection intensity, however the relationship is not ___________.

A

directly ; linear

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14
Q

How do you find selection intensity without the equation?

A

Know the percent of the herd that you plan to keep and use the table.

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15
Q

Define generation interval?

A

Amount of time required to replace one generation with the next.

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16
Q

True or False. Generation interval is the same throughout all species.

A

False!

17
Q

As L decreases, accuracy _____________.

A

decreases

18
Q

As accuracy increases, i will ______________.

A

decrease

19
Q

As i increases, this leads to a _________ replacement rate.

A

low

20
Q

Genetic Gain is measured in ____________ per ____________.

A

units (whatever units of the trait) ; generation

21
Q

Selections for one trait ________________ affects just that one trait.

A

rarely

22
Q

Define correlation.

A

Measures the strength (consistency and reliability) of the relationship between two variables.

23
Q

Define phenotypic correlation.

A

Measures the degree and direction of the relationship between the phenotypes of the two traits.

24
Q

Define genetic correlation.

A

Measures the degree and direction of the relationship between the EBVs/PTAs of the two traits.

25
Q

Define correlated response.

A

Genetic change in one or more traits (indirect) resulting from selection for another trait (direct).

26
Q

What are the three causes of genetic correlation?

A
  • GEI
  • Linkage
  • Pleiotropy
  • You should know this!!
27
Q

What is the major cause of correlated response?

A

Pleiotropy!

28
Q

Are correlations for populations or single animals?

A

They are population measures!

29
Q

Correlations ________________ fixed and ____________ dependent on the population the measures are in.

A

are not ; are

30
Q

Correlation can be classified in three ways, which are:

A
  • degree/strength of relationship
  • direction/sign of the relationship
  • being favorable or unfavorable
31
Q

A ____________ genetic correlation does not mean that the relationship is favorable.

A

positive

32
Q

True or False. Negative genetic correlation is always bad.

A

False!

33
Q

Define direct selection.

A

Selection for a given trait to improve that same trait.

34
Q

Define indirect selection.

A

Selection for a given trait to improve a genetically correlated trait.

35
Q

Define Indicator trait.

A

Traits or characters used in indirect selection to improve a genetically correlated trait.

36
Q

What is the one factor that affects only correlated response to selection?

A

Genetic correlation

37
Q

What are the five factors that affect correlated response to selection?

A
  • Heritability (h^2)
  • Selection Intensity (i)
  • Generation Interval (L)
  • Accuracy of Selection
  • Genetic correlation
38
Q

Selection is typically used to (3 responses):

A
  • reach a breeding goal
  • improve in a particular direction
  • maintain a particular performance level

Animal Breeding|ANSC3500 (17 decks)

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