responses and adaptations of respiratory system

Question 1

responses to a single sport or exercise session

Answer 1

increased breathing rate
increased tidal volume

Question 2

(R) increased breathing rate

Answer 2

• during exercise, the demand for oxygen increases
• carbon dioxide levels increase
• breathing rate increases to fuel the demand for oxygen
• more intense the exercise, the greater the breathing rate
• when we stop exercising, breathing rate slows
• prior to exercise, you may experience anticipatory rise in breathing rate

Question 3

(R) increased tidal volume

Answer 3

• tidal volume increases due to the extra demand for oxygen
• this allows more air to pass through the lungs (pulmonary ventilation)
• this allows oxygen to be delivered to the working muscles
• tidal volume increases during both aerobic and anaerobic exercises
• during intense exercise minute volume can increase by 15 times

Question 4

adaptations to exercise

Answer 4

increased vital capacity
increased strength of respiratory muscles
increase in oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate

Question 5

(A) increased vital capacity

Answer 5

• training will increase vital capacity
• an increase will provide a more sufficient supply of oxygen to the working muscles

Question 6

(A) increased strength of respiratory muscles

Answer 6

• training increases strength of diaphragm and respiratory muscles
• this will increase the chest cavity, allowing more oxygen to be taken into the lungs

Question 7

(A) increase in oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate

Answer 7

• due to an increase in capillaries, there is an increase in efficiency of diffusion and gases
• more oxygen can be delivered to working muscles
• more carbon dioxide can be removed and expired

Question 8

additional factors affecting the respiratory system

Answer 8

asthma
altitude/partial pressure

Question 9

asthma

Answer 9

• condition whereby the airways of the respiratory system become restricted
• asthma makes bands around the airways contract and tighten so air cannot move freely
• phlegm can narrow airway further
• exercise can induce an asthma attack
• reduces performance as it restricts oxygen from getting to working muscles
• exercise can benefit asthma as it can reduce effects by increasing strength of respiratory muscles, vital capacity and the oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate

Question 10

altitude / partial pressure

Answer 10

• partial pressure tells us how much of a particular gas is present. oxygen moves from high pressure (alveoli) to low pressure (capillaries) until the pressure is equal
• the greater difference in the gasses, the faster the rate of diffusion
• at altitude there is less oxygen, reducing the partial pressure
• because there is less oxygen available you will have to work harder, causing short ness of breath, dizziness, and loss of concentration
• due to the lack of oxygen, altitude can lead to hypoxia which will can an increase in breathing rate and depth
• performance levels at altitude will reduce, however over a period of time your respiratory system will adapt
• elite athletes will train at altitudes so their body adapts, adaptations include an increase in red blood cells and capillaries which will allow more oxygen to be carried and issues to the working muscles