Respritory System

Question 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Delivers O2 to the body and removes CO2

Question 2

What is the byproduct of ATP production during cellular respiration?

Answer 2

CO2

Question 3

What is the term for the process of breathing?

Answer 3

Pulmonary respiration

Question 4

What occurs during inspiration?

Answer 4

Breathing in → lungs

Question 5

What occurs during expiration?

Answer 5

Lungs → atmosphere

Question 6

What is external respiration?

Answer 6

Exchange of gases between lungs and blood

Question 7

Where does external respiration occur?

Answer 7

In the lungs

Question 8

What gas diffuses from the lungs to the blood?

Answer 8

O2

Question 9

What gas diffuses from the blood into the lungs?

Answer 9

CO2

Question 10

How are gases transported in the body?

Answer 10

By the cardiovascular system using blood

Question 11

Where does internal respiration occur?

Answer 11

At the tissue cells

Question 12

What gas diffuses from the blood into the tissue cells?

Answer 12

O2

Question 13

What gas diffuses into the blood from the tissue cells?

Answer 13

CO2

Question 14

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 14

Warms and humidifies air as it travels to the lungs

Question 15

What is the role of hair and mucus in the nose?

Answer 15

Traps microbes and dust

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The respiratory system delivers _______ to the body and removes CO2.

Answer 16

O2

Question 17

True or False: Internal respiration occurs in the lungs.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What is the pharynx?

Answer 18

The throat, splits into the esophagus and larynx

The pharynx plays a crucial role in both the respiratory and digestive systems.

Question 19

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 19

Considered a door at the top of the larynx, only open when breathing

The epiglottis prevents food and liquid from entering the airway during swallowing.

Question 20

What is the larynx commonly known as?

Answer 20

The voice box

It houses the vocal cords and is essential for sound production.

Question 21

What does the larynx pass air to?

Answer 21

The trachea

The trachea is the main airway that leads to the lungs.

Question 22

What is the trachea?

Answer 22

The windpipe, passes from the larynx to the lungs

It is supported by rings of cartilage to maintain its structure.

Question 23

What are the branches of the trachea called?

Answer 23

Bronchi

Each bronchus leads to a lung.

Question 24

What are alveoli?

Answer 24

Thin-walled air sacs covered by capillaries

They are the primary site of external respiration.

Question 25

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 25

Dome-shaped muscle that aids in breathing ## Footnote It contracts to cause inspiration and relaxes to cause expiration.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The diaphragm _______ to cause inspiration.

Answer 26

contracts ## Footnote This contraction increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Question 27

True or False: The epiglottis is closed when breathing.

Answer 27

False ## Footnote The epiglottis is only closed during swallowing to prevent aspiration.

Question 28

What process moves gas from high to low concentration in the lungs?

Answer 28

Diffusion ## Footnote This is the fundamental principle that governs gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 29

What is the composition of air that enters the alveoli during respiration?

Answer 29

High in O2 and low in CO2 ## Footnote This composition is essential for efficient gas exchange.

Question 30

What is the composition of blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?

Answer 30

High in CO2 and low in O2 ## Footnote This difference in gas concentration drives diffusion.

Question 31

What happens to O2 that enters the alveoli?

Answer 31

It diffuses through alveolar membrane into the capillary walls and dissolves into tissue cells ## Footnote This process is crucial for cellular respiration.

Question 32

What travels back to the alveoli from tissue cells?

Answer 32

CO2 ## Footnote CO2 is a byproduct of cellular respiration and is exhaled.

Question 33

What is the role of red blood cells in gas transport?

Answer 33

They carry O2 and CO2 ## Footnote Red blood cells are essential for efficient gas exchange and transport in the bloodstream.

Question 34

What percentage of O2 dissolves in plasma during transport?

Answer 34

5-12% ## Footnote The majority of O2 is transported via hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Question 35

What is the primary molecule that O2 binds to in red blood cells?

Answer 35

Hemoglobin ## Footnote Hemoglobin contains iron, which binds to oxygen.

Question 36

How many iron atoms does each hemoglobin molecule contain?

Answer 36

4 ## Footnote Each iron atom can bind to one molecule of oxygen.

Question 37

How many hemoglobin molecules are present in each red blood cell?

Answer 37

250 million ## Footnote This allows each red blood cell to carry nearly 1 billion oxygen molecules.

Question 38

What happens when oxygenated blood arrives at tissue cells?

Answer 38

Oxygen is released from hemoglobin and diffuses into surrounding cells ## Footnote This process is vital for cellular metabolism.

Question 39

What is the primary direction of CO2 diffusion?

Answer 39

From tissue cells to blood ## Footnote This occurs because the concentration of CO2 is higher in the tissue cells than in the blood.

Question 40

What percentage of CO2 dissolves into plasma?

Answer 40

7% ## Footnote This is one of the ways CO2 is transported from tissue cells to the lungs.

Question 41

What percentage of CO2 binds to hemoglobin?

Answer 41

23% ## Footnote Hemoglobin carries CO2 in the blood back to the lungs.

Question 42

What is the main reaction that converts CO2 in the blood?

Answer 42

CO2 reacts with water to form bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) ## Footnote This accounts for 70% of CO2 transport in the blood.

Question 43

What happens to bicarbonate ions when they reach the lungs?

Answer 43

They turn into water and CO2 ## Footnote This process allows CO2 to be exhaled into the atmosphere.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The transport sequence of CO2 is ______ → lungs, alveoli → blood stream → tissue cells.

Answer 44

Atmosphere

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The overall transport of CO2 can be summarized as ______ → blood → alveoli (Lungs) → exhalation.

Answer 45

Tissue cells