Rest & Sleep T5

Question 1

Not enough sleep

Answer 1

Inability to concentrate
Poor judgment
Moody
Irritability

Question 2

Chronic sleep loss

Answer 2

Obesity
Depression 
Hypertension 
Diabetes mellitus
Heart attack
Stroke

Question 3

NERM

Answer 3

Non-rapid eye movement sleep

Question 4

Stage 1 NERM

Answer 4

Light sleep
Few minutes 
Muscle relaxation 
Loss of awareness 
Vital signs and metabolism decrease
Awakens easily 
Drowsy

Question 5

Stage 2 NERM

Answer 5

Deeper sleep
10-20min
Vital signs and metabolism slow
Slightly more stimulation to awaken 
Increased relaxation

Question 6

Stage 3 NERM

Answer 6

Slow wave sleep/delta
Vital signs decreasing 
More difficult to awaken 
Psychological rest
Reduced sympathetic activity

Question 7

REM

Answer 7

Rapid eye movement sleep

Question 8

What does REM involve?

Answer 8

Vivid dreaming
90 min after falling asleep 
Longer with each sleep cycle 
Avg length 20min
Very difficult to awaken 
Cognitive restoration

Question 9

Infant and toddlers average amount of sleep:

Answer 9

9-15 hr/day

Question 10

Adolescences:

Answer 10

9-10 hr/day

Question 11

Adults:

Answer 11

7-8 hr/day

Question 12

Insomnia

Answer 12

Most common sleep disorder 
Inability to get the required amount of sleep 
Difficulty falling asleep
Staying asleep 
Awakening to early 
Not refreshing sleep

Question 13

Acute insomnia

Answer 13

Few days

Personal or situational stressors

Question 14

Chronic insomnia

Answer 14

A month or more

Women and older adults more prone

Question 15

Intermittent insomnia

Answer 15

Sleeping well for a few days then having insomnia a few days

Question 16

Sleep apnea

Answer 16

More than 5 breaths lasting longer than 10 seconds per hr
Decreased arterial saturation levels
Can be a single disorder or combination of central or obstructive

Question 17

Central sleep apnea

Answer 17

Central nervous system dysfunction

Brain fails to trigger breathing during sleep

Question 18

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 18

Structures in mouth and throat relax

Occlude the upper airway

Question 19

Narcolepsy

Answer 19

Sudden attacks of sleep
Happens at inappropriate times
Increases risk for injury

Question 20

Hypersomnolence disorder

Answer 20

Excessive daytime sleepiness
At least 3 months
Impaired social and vocational activity
Increased risk for accidents

Question 21

Assessment/Data collection

Answer 21

Sleep patterns, history, new changes

Usual sleep requirements

Question 22

Factors that interfere with sleep

Answer 22

Physiologic disorders
Current life events
Emotional stress
Mental illness 
Exercise 
Sleep environment 
Medication 
Substance use

Question 23

Nursing actions

Answer 23

Bedtime routine 
Help with personal hygiene 
CPAP for sleep apnea patients 
Melatonin,valerian,chamomile 
Last resort-benzodiazepine

Question 24

Client education

Answer 24

Exercise at least 2hr before bedtime 
Bedtime routine 
Sleep environment for comfort 
limit Alcohol,caffeine,nicotine 4 hrs before 
Limit fluids 2-4hrs before bedtime 
Muscle relaxation if anxious or stressed

Question 25

Decrease narcolepsy

Answer 25

``` Exercise regularly Eat small meals high in protein Avoid activities that increase sleepiness Take naps when drowsy Take prescribed stimulants ```

Question 26

Decrease hypersomnolence disorder

Answer 26

Maintain regular sleep-wake schedule Provide ample sleep opportunities Take prescribed stimulants

Question 27

Alpha waves

Answer 27

High frequency medium amplitude irregular waves Drowsy stage

Question 28

Beta waves

Answer 28

High frequency Low amplitude Irregular waves Periods of wakefulness

Question 29

Delta waves

Answer 29

Low frequency High amplitude Regular waves Deep sleep

Question 30

Theta waves

Answer 30

``` High amplitude Common in children Rare in adults Occur with delta waves Transitioning to a deeper sleep stage ```

Question 31

Spindles/k-complexes

Answer 31

Peaked Irregular waves Earlier phase of NREM

Question 32

RAS

Answer 32

Reticular activating system Nerve cell bodies Within the brain stem Reticular formation and cortical neurons

Question 33

Reticular formation

Answer 33

Maintains wakefulness | Activated by stimuli from cerebral cortex

Question 34

EEG

Answer 34

Record electrical activity of neurons in the brain Electrodes attached to scalp 5 different wave patterns

Question 35

Parasomnias

Answer 35

``` Sleepwalking Sleep talking Bruxism Night terrors REM sleep behavior disorders Nocturnal enuresis ```

Question 36

Bruxism

Answer 36

Grinding and clenching of teeth Stage 2 REM Can erode tooth enamel and loosen teeth

Question 37

Nocturnal enuresis

Answer 37

Bed wetting | Past toilet training stage

Question 38

Secondary sleep disorders

Answer 38

Depression Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism Pain

Question 39

Sleep-provoked disorders

Answer 39

``` Coronary artery disease Asthma COPD Diabetes Gastric and intestinal ulcers Epilepsy ```