Restless Earth

Question 0

Continental Crust (3 points)

Answer 0

• Is the land
• thick and less dense
• 30-50km thick

Question 1

Oceanic Crust (3 points)

Answer 1

• found under oceans
• thin but dense
• usually 6-8km thick

Question 2

Order of Earth Layers (4 points)

Answer 2

1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Outer Core
4. Inner Core

Question 3

What is the lithosphere?

Answer 3

the crust and upper most solid mantle

Question 4

Where is the asthenosphere?

Answer 4

It is part of the mantle

Question 5

What is the physical state of:

• Lithosphere?
• Asthenosphere?
• Lower Mantle?
• Outer Core?

Answer 5

• solid
• partially molten
• solid
• liquid

Question 6

Geothermal:

Answer 6

Heat from inside the earth produced by the radioactive decay of elements such as Uranium in the core and mantle.

Question 7

Convention currents (3 points)

Answer 7

• occurs in mantle
• driven by the heat of the core
• move tectonic plates of Earth’s surface

Question 8

Magnetosphere:

Answer 8

A huge invisible magnetic field that protects the earth from harmful radiation and is made by he outer core.

Question 9

Pangea:

Answer 9

when the continents were all joined together. Sometimes known as continental drift.

Question 10

How many tectonic plates is there?

Answer 10

15

Question 11

Plate boundary:

Answer 11

Where two plates meet together

Question 13

constructive plate boundary (4 points)

Answer 13

• two oceanic plates
• moving away from each other
• earthquakes caused by friction
• shallow sided volcanoes form

Question 13

Conservative plate boundary (3 points)

Answer 13

• plates sliding past each other
• friction causes earthquakes
• can move in different or same direction

Question 14

Destructive plate boundary (5 points)

Answer 14

• oceanic plate and continental plate
• moving towards each other
• dense oceanic plate is subducted
• pressure builds causing earthquakes
• very steep destructive volcanoes

Question 15

Collision plate boundary (4 points)

Answer 15

• two continental plates
• moving towards each other
• plates buckle and form mountains
• powerful earthquakes formed

Question 16

Constructive plate boundary example:

Answer 16

Iceland

Question 17

Destructive plate boundary example:

Answer 17

Monserrat

Question 18

Conservative plate boundary example:

Answer 18

Loma Prieta

Question 19

Collision plate boundary example:

Answer 19

Kashmir

Question 20

What do convection currents look like?

Answer 20

Question 21

What does a collision plate boudnary look like?

Answer 21

Question 22

What does a conservative plate boundary look like?

Answer 22

Question 23

What does a destructive plate boundary look like?

Answer 23

Question 24

What does a constructive plate boundary look like?

Answer 24

Question 25

Plate boundary map:

Answer 25

Question 26

What does a composite volcano look like?

Answer 26

Question 27

What does a shield volcano look like?

Answer 27

Question 28

Composite volcano (4 points):

Answer 28

- layers of ash and lava - formed on destructive plate boundaries - viscous magma cools quicly forming steep shape - very explosive eruptions

Question 29

Case study of composite volcano:

Answer 29

Monserrat

Question 30

Shield volcano (3 points):

Answer 30

- formed on constructive plate boundaries - runny lava flows long distance before cooling - not as violent explosions

Question 31

Case Study of shield volcano:

Answer 31

Iceland

Question 32

What is an earthquake?

Answer 32

Friction builds up (either between two plates or a plate and the mantle) until there is so much force that it overcomes the friction so the plate suddenly jerks forward.

Question 33

Earthquake diagram:

Answer 33

Question 34

What are earthquakes measured on?

Answer 34

The Richter Scale

Question 35

The shallower the focus, the more ________ the earthquake tends to be.

Answer 35

destructive

Question 36

How are tsunamis generated?

Answer 36

by earthquakes that occur underneath the sea bed

Question 37

Kashmir effects on people and property(5 points):

Answer 37

- approx 73,000 deaths and 100,000 injuries - most of the dead were children - contaminated water meant diseases spread quickly - large cracks in ground caused landslides - 2.8 people left homeless

Question 38

Loma Prieta effects on people and property(5 points):

Answer 38

- over 3500 people injured - decline in tourism due to people not feeling safe - difficulties for emerengy services - cost of damage was $10 billion - 12,000 homeless

Question 39

Effects of Monserrat: (5 points)

Answer 39

- 2/3 of the land covered in ash - floods as valleys were blocked by ash - farmland destroyed - many hospitals and schools destroyed - forest fires

Question 40

Effects of Iceland: (4 points)

Answer 40

- contamination of water due to ask - difficulties made for farming - flooding due to rising river levels - air flights disrupted

Question 41

How do you predict volcanic eruptions? (4 points)

Answer 41

- aircraft measures gas given off - tiltmeters measure levels of swelling due to magma - seismometers monitor earth tremors as magma rises - boreholes measure water temp as magma heats up

Question 42

Earthquake warning and planing: (5 points)

Answer 42

- drills - emergency services practice rescuing - people keep emergency kits - prepared broadcast warnings - evacuation centres

Question 43

Developed world hazard resistant designs:(4 points)

Answer 43

- shock absorbers - strong double glass windows - deep foundations - cross bracing

Question 44

Developing world hazard resistant designs: (3 points)

Answer 44

- lightweight roof - simple steel rod foundations - wood/bamboo corss bracing