Restless Earth

Question 1

Describe the features of a Destructive plate boundary

Answer 1

Plates move together
Continental and Oceanic crust
Volcano formed, Ocean Trench, Earthquake and Fold Mountain

Question 2

Describe the features of a Constructive plate boundary

Answer 2

Plates move apart
Oceanic and Oceanic crust
New land is formed, earthquake

Question 3

Describe the features of a Conservative plate boundary

Answer 3

Plates slide past each other
Continental and Continental crust
Earthquake

Question 4

Give 2 differences between oceanic and continental crust

Answer 4

Oceanic
Newer less than 200 million years
Denser and can sink
Continental
Older more than 1500 million years
Less dense and cannot sink

Question 5

Define Anticline

Answer 5

Upfold of folded rock

Question 6

Define Syncline

Answer 6

Downward fold of folded rock

Question 7

Overfold

Answer 7

Rock fold that is folded over to one side

Question 8

What plates do fold mountains occur at?

Answer 8

Destructive plate boundaries

Question 9

State two differences between acidic and basic lava

Answer 9

Acidic 
High silica content 
Vicious and travels short distances before cooling 
Composite volcanoes 
Basic 
Low silica content 
Pours easily and travels far before cooling 
Shield volcano

Question 10

What is the difference between lava and magma

Answer 10

Magma is underground and lava is on the surface of the earth

Question 11

Give 3 factors of a composite volcano

Answer 11

1. Acidic Lava
2. Cone is tall with steep slope
3. Irregular with long dormant periods

Question 12

Give 3 factors of a shield volcano

Answer 12

1. Basic Lava
2. Cone has gentle slopes and wide base
3. Regular frequent eruptions

Question 13

What is the pacific ring of fire?

Answer 13

A destructive plate boundary around the pacific ocean where half of the volcanoes and earthquakes are

Question 14

What is the subduction zone?

Answer 14

Where the oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate. This is where an oceanic trench is.

Question 15

Give four uses of volcanoes

Answer 15

1. Farming on fertile soils
2. Tourist attractions (hot springs and walking)
3. Geothermal energy
4. Mining for valuable minerals eg Pumice

Question 16

Give 3 ways volcanoes can be predicted and monitored

Answer 16

1. Seismometers, when magma begins to move there will be hundreds of earthquakes
2. Monitoring gases escaping from the volcano like Sulphur dioxide
3. Scientists listening to gurgles as the magma moves

Question 17

Give 3 responses to a volcano erupting

Answer 17

1. Pouring seawater on the magma to solidify it
2. Evacuation
3. Airlifting huge concrete blocks to divert the magma flow

Question 18

Describe supervolcanoes

Answer 18

Mega colossal
Emit 1000 km3 of lava
Only occur at hotspots, weak areas of crust

Question 19

Describe the characteristics of Super Volcanoes

Answer 19

They are in large depressions in the ground called Calderas
They have no cone
Rim of the ground is higher than the actual volcano

Question 20

How is the distribution of Supervolcanoes different to Volcanoes

Answer 20

There are less than 10 Super Volcanoes in the world
3 are in North America
They do not occur at plate boundaries only hotspots

Question 21

How do earthquakes occur and at what plate boundary

Answer 21

Occur at all plate boundaries
Caused when tension is released from inside to crust
Plates do not run smoothly and sometimes get stuck
This builds up pressure that is released in an earthquake

Question 22

Define Epicentre

Answer 22

The point on the earth surface directly above the focus

Question 23

Define Focus

Answer 23

The point in the earth’s crust where the earthquake originates

Question 24

Define Seismic waves

Answer 24

Shock waves generated by the earthquake at the focus and pass through the earths crust

Question 25

What are earthquakes measured on?

Answer 25

Seismograph measures magnitude (size)

Question 26

Give four differences of the Richter and Mercalli scale

Answer 26

``` Mercalli Uses roman numerals I-XII Measures the impact of earthquake Measured after eq Measured through observation Richter Uses numbers 1-10 Measures the shaking Measured during the eq Goes up logarithmically eg 7 is 10x bigger than 6 Measured on a seismograph ```

Question 27

What is a major earthquake?

Answer 27

7.0 on the Richter scale

Question 28

Give three reasons why a same magnitude earthquake would have a varied impact

Answer 28

1. It was at night (no warning) 2. People may live near the epicentre 3. It may cause a tsunami

Question 29

What are the 3 P's of earthquakes?

Answer 29

Predict Protect Prepare

Question 30

Give two example of Predict

Answer 30

1. Animals act strangely and crawl out of their homes and dogs howl 2. Earthquakes are more likely after long periods without plate movement

Question 31

Give two examples of Protect

Answer 31

1. Buildings must comply with new earthquake standards | 2. Cross bracing on buildings and shock absorbers

Question 32

Give two examples of Prepare

Answer 32

1. Organise emergency supplies of food water and power in advance 2. Train emergency services like Fire and Ambulance

Question 33

What is the differences between Prepare and Protect

Answer 33

Prepare is for people, Protect is for buildings

Question 34

Give three reasons to support the theory of plate tectonics

Answer 34

1. The continents fit together like jigsaws 2. There is similar soils in different parts that would be together 3. There is the same fossil ages in parts that would be joined

Question 35

Explain convection currents

Answer 35

Circular currents of magma under the earth crusts that explains why plates move towards and away from each other