Restorative Materials In Paediatric Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Name some restoratives for paediatrics (6)

A
  • Amalgam
  • Composites
  • Glass ionomer cements
  • Resin modified GIC
  • Compomers
  • Preformed stainless steel crowns
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2
Q

What are some factors to consider for choice of restorative material for child patient (6)

A
  • Clinical situation
  • Tooth structure
  • Longevity
  • Toxicity
  • Child compliance
  • Parents consent
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3
Q

Give some advantages of dental amalgams (6)

A
  • Good longevity
  • Cost effective
  • Easy to use
  • Excellent mechanical properties
  • No shrinkage
  • Not moisture sensitive
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4
Q

What is the minimum depth required of a cavity for a dental amalgam?

A

2mm min depth

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5
Q

What is the age limitation of amalgams?

A

Not used for under 15 year olds

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6
Q

Give some advantages of composites (3)

A
  • Good creep resistance
  • Good compressive strength
  • Excellent aesthetics
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7
Q

What are some limitations of composites? (5)

A
  • Good adhesive bond has to be established
  • Polymerisation shrinkage
  • Dentine bonding is weaker that enamel
  • High wear in contact areas
  • Mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient
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8
Q

How is shrinkage reduced in composites?

A

Incremental filling

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9
Q

What ions are released by GIC? (2)

A
  • Ca2+

- Al3+

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10
Q

Give some advantages of GIC (6)

A
  • Chemical bond to enamel and dentine
  • Carboxyl group binds to calcium in tooth apatite
  • Fluoride release / uptake
  • No shrinkage
  • Ease of placement in bulk
  • Aesthetic
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11
Q

Give some limitations of GIC (4)

A
  • Low strength
  • High wear at early stages
  • Need protection from dehydration
  • Restoration to be supported by tooth tissue
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12
Q

Are resin modified GIC water or acid based?

A

Water based

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13
Q

For resin modified GIC what acid base setting reaction takes place?

A

Glass + Polyacid

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14
Q

For RMGIC besides the acid base setting reaction what other setting reaction takes place?

A

Light-activated free radical polymerisation of methacrylate groups of the polymer (HEMA)

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15
Q

How is RMGIC more advantageous than conventional GIC? (3)

A
  • Command set tougher
  • Early strength
  • Improved longevity
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16
Q

Give some key features of Polyacid-modified composite resin compomers (4)

A
  • Fluoride release delayed
  • Longevity
  • Greater strength than RMGIC and GIC
  • Coloured restorations
17
Q

What are Preformed metal crowns (PMC) or Stainless steel crowns (SSC)?

A

Extracoronal restoration for primary teeth

18
Q

What is PMC/SCC made of? (4)

A

Iron and Carbon alloy with the addition of Chromium and Nickel

19
Q

What makes PMC/SCC corrosion resistant?

A
  • Resistant to corrosion due to Chromium

- Cr2O3 forms at the surface

20
Q

What % composition of Cr is needed to make the steel corrosion resistant?

A

Cr>11%

21
Q

Give some advantages of SSC/PMC (5)

A
  • High tensile strength
  • Durable
  • Preventative
  • Cost effective
  • Prefabricated sizes
22
Q

Give some limitations of SSC/PMC (3)

A
  • Bad aesthetics
  • Complex procedure
  • Ni/Cr could be allergens
23
Q

Give examples of some preventative materials (4)

A
  • Toothpaste
  • Mouthwash
  • Topical fluoride
  • Sealants
24
Q

How is fluoride beneficial for teeth?

A
  • Fluoride substitutes for hydroxyl in apatite
  • Makes enamel chemically stronger and more acid resistant
  • Reduces plaque activity
25
Q

Comment on the thixotropic property of fluoride gels

A
  • Fluoride gel become viscous when pressure is applied (when mouth guard is squeezed around tooth)
  • This allows the gel to flow around tooth surfaces
  • Once pressure is removed it sticks to the tooth
26
Q

Give some examples of fluoride gels (3)

A
  • Sodium fluoride (NaF)
  • Stannous fluoride (SnF2)
  • Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF)
27
Q

What is the pH of APF?

A

pH 3

28
Q

What happens when fluoride varnish is applied to the teeth?

What is produced?

A
  • Solvent evaporates or sets in moist conditions

- A lot of CaF2 is produced

29
Q

What are pit and fissure sealants?

A
  • Sealants used on primary and secondary teeth
  • Reduces carries
  • Aids in fluoride release
30
Q

What can pit and fissure sealants be based off? (4)

A
  • Resin based
  • GIC based
  • RMGIC based
  • Compomer based
31
Q

Comment on the properties of pit and fissure sealants (4)

A
  • High coefficient of penetration
  • High surface tension
  • Low viscosity
  • Good wetting
32
Q

What is added to BisGMA-based resin sealants to reduce it viscosity? (2)

Why is this done?

A
  • MMA or TEGDMA

- To make sealant more penetrable

33
Q

How are UDMA based resin sealants cured? (3)

A
  • Light-cured
  • Self-cured
  • Chemically cured
34
Q

What initiates polymerisation in a Cyanoacrylate-based resin sealant?

A

Polymerisation is initiated by water

35
Q

Cyanoacrylate-based resin sealant;

2 advantages

2 disadvantages

A
  • Low viscosity
  • Good penetration
  • Low tensile strength
  • Low abrasion resistance