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Flashcards in Retailing And Other Services Deck (19)
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1
Q

Until recently what was the 2 tier structure

A
  • the central area

- corner shops and shopping parades

2
Q

What is decentralisation

A
  • in the last 30 years there has been a decentralisation of retailing and other services such as offices
3
Q

What are the three waves of decentralisation

A

1: supermarkets, superstores have been built in residential areas and town centres eg morrisons in York
2: electrical goods and DIY retail parks have expanded particularly on the edges of town
3: high order, comparison goods in large out of town shopping centres built on the edge of towns near motorway junctions

4
Q

What are the other changes in retailing

A
  • online shopping
  • farmers market- people sourcing local sourced food
  • small food outlets in central area- Tesco metro
  • petrol stations now have food retail function
5
Q

Cause of decline in some central areas

A
  • high land value
  • lack of room for expansion
  • traffic congestion and high cost of parking
  • unreliable weather for shopping
  • perception that the central area is unsafe
6
Q

Cause of growth in out of town locations

A
  • cheaper land and room for expansion
  • increased mobility: roads and car ownership
  • changing shopping habits: people buy in bulk eg food shopping so need access to car
  • changing expectations: people use shopping as a leisure activity and visit out of town centres which may have fast food outlets and entertainment
7
Q

What is an out of town retraining area

A
  • large shopping centres often on the edge of towns where retail and other services such as leisure facilities are in one place
8
Q

What are the characteristics of out of town retailing areas

A
  • large sites- redeveloped brownfield sites or cheap farmland
  • extensive car parks - often free
  • links to the motorway
  • access to transport interchanging- bus station, tram, railway
  • linked to entertainment facilities
9
Q

Those in favour of developing

A
  • great opportunities to shop without the need of travel

- creates jobs for local people

10
Q

Those against development

A
  • causes an increase in traffic in the area- problems of safety pollution noise and parking on local residential streets
  • 24 hour shopping means continual movement of cars
11
Q

Problems of out of town retailing areas

A
  • competition with local shopping areas
  • they have been blamed for inner city decline and urban blight
  • contributes to urban sprawl affecting the urban rural fringe
  • can cause severe congestion on nearby motorways
  • socially diverse- difficult and expensive to go to
12
Q

Responses to development of out of town retailing areas

A
  • redevelopment of town centres
  • growth if outlet centres- large brand names sell their own goods direct to the public
  • development of smaller shopping centres in the suburbs
13
Q

Characteristics of central areas

A
  • highest concentration of retailing and offices
  • accessible
  • highest land values
  • some are declining
  • some are being rejuvenated
14
Q

Structure of central areas

A
  • the core: high order shops and cafes

- the frame: lower order retailing

15
Q

What is an zone of assimilation

A
  • where they re is growth
16
Q

What is a zone of discard

A
  • where the land is declined
17
Q

What is the impact of developing out of town retailing areas

A
  • redevelopment of urban central areas

-

18
Q

Which out of town retailing area had a big impact on its central area

A
  • mery hill (out of town)

- Solihulls central area

19
Q

3 strategies used to revitalised central area

A
  • all weathered shopping malls
  • encourage 24/7 land use- cafe-culture, apartments above shops
  • improve access- pedestrians