Reticulo-Endothelial and Skin Anatomy

Question 1

T/F the lymph node contains a cortex and medulla in a thick fibrous capsule

Answer 1

F the lymph node contains a cortex and medulla in a THIN fibrous capsule

Question 2

What is the sinus under the thin fibrous capsule of a lymph node?

Answer 2

Subcapsular sinus

Question 3

The outer layer of the cortex of the lymph node consists of which cells organized into the follicles?

Answer 3

Mature B cells

Question 4

The follicles in the outer cortex of a lymph node have germinal centers containing what type of cell?

Answer 4

Activated B (plasma) cells

Question 5

The inner cortex of the lymph node contains what type of cell?

Answer 5

Mature T cells

Question 6

The medulla of the lymph node contains which cells?

Answer 6

Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages

Question 7

Lymph flows from afferent vessels toward the cortex to pass through the _________ sinuses and into cortical _______ eventually through the __________ sinuses then to efferent lymphatic vessels that exit at the hilum

Answer 7

Subcapsular
Cortical
Medullary

Question 8

The lymph sinuses contain ________ and ______ fibers arranged in a crisscross fashion which act like a filter

Answer 8

Macrophages

Reticular fibers

Question 9

Activated lymphocytes leave the lymph node via the?

Answer 9

Hilum

Question 10

Where do nerve fibers enter the lymph node?

Answer 10

The hilum

Question 11

What is the largest aggregation of lymphoid tissue?

Answer 11

The Spleen

Question 12

The spleen develops from what embryological tissue?

Answer 12

Mesoderm w/in the dorsal mesentary of the stomach

Question 13

Which dome of the diaphragm does the spleen lay under?

Answer 13

Left dome close to the lower ribs (9-11)

Question 14

What is destroyed in the red pulp of the spleen?

Answer 14

Old RBCs

Question 15

What ligaments are attached to the spleen and what do they contain?

Answer 15

1) Gastrosplenic ligament: short gastric and L gastroepiploic A/V
2) Splenorenal ligament: terminal part of the splenic A

Question 16

Kupffer cells of the liver filter out?

Answer 16

Bacteria

Question 17

What embryological origin forms the liver?

Answer 17

ventral outgrowth of the distal end of the foregut w/the biliary tree

Question 18

the coronary ligament is a continuation of what ligament?

Answer 18

Falciform ligament

Question 19

What ligament is contained w/in the coronary ligament?

Answer 19

Round ligament of the liver

Question 20

The round ligament of the liver is a remnant of what embryological tissue?

Answer 20

L umbilical V

Question 21

The liver is covered almost completely by what tissue?

Answer 21

Visceral peritoneum

Question 22

What causes the bare area of the liver?

Answer 22

coronary ligament and where the IVC passes through

Question 23

What are the four anatomical lobes of the liver?

Answer 23

R/L, quadrate, caudate

Question 24

What anatomical lobes are contained in the right functional lobe of the liver?

Answer 24

Right, R 1/2 of caudate

Question 25

What anatomical lobes are contained in the left functional lobe of the liver?

Answer 25

Left, quadrate, outer 1/2 of caudate

Question 26

The Rt functional lobe is supplied by what A?

Answer 26

R hepatic A br of proper hepatic A

Question 27

The Lt functional lobe is supplied by what A?

Answer 27

Lt hepatic A

Question 28

What is the functional unit of the liver?

Answer 28

sinusoids

Question 29

What are the sinusoids of the liver lined by?

Answer 29

hepatocytes and Kupffer cells

Question 30

Sinusoids of the liver are supplied by what blood vessels?

Answer 30

Hepatic A and tributaries of the portal V

Question 31

The proper hepatic A is a branch of ?

Answer 31

The common hepatic A from the celiac trunk

Question 32

The portal V provides the liver with how much of its blood supply?

Answer 32

70%

Question 33

The portal V is formed by the joining of what vessels behind the head of the pancreas?

Answer 33

Splenic and superior mesenteric V

Question 34

The inferior mesenteric V drains into what ?

Answer 34

The Splenic V

Question 35

Venous blood from the liver sinusoids drain into _____ veins and from here to 3 ________ veins which open into the ___ and drain into the _____ _____

Answer 35

central hepatic IVC Right atrium

Question 36

The R/L hepatic ducts drain bile from the liver and are located where?

Answer 36

Porta hepatis (btw caudate and quadrate lobes)

Question 37

What is contained w/in the porta hepatis?

Answer 37

R/L hepatic A, R/L tributaries of the portal V, autonomic N, lymphatic vessels

Question 38

R/L hepatic ducts join to form what duct?

Answer 38

Common hepatic duct

Question 39

Common hepatic duct joins with the what to form the common bile duct?

Answer 39

Cystic duct

Question 40

The common bile ducts joins with the main pancreatic duct of Wirsung w/in the head of pancreas to open via what into the duodenum?

Answer 40

Ampulla of Vater

Question 41

What guards the opening of the ampulla of Vater? what is this controlled by?

Answer 41

Smooth muscle sphincter (of Oddi) | CCK secreted in response to fat in the abdomen

Question 42

The thymus and inferior parathyroid glands come from what embryological origin?

Answer 42

Mesoderm of 3rd pharyngeal pouch

Question 43

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 43

Anterior portion of superior mediastinum

Question 44

What arteries supply the thymus?

Answer 44

Anterior intercostal and internal thoracic A

Question 45

What cell are produced by the thymus?

Answer 45

T cells

Question 46

T/F the thymus has a highly cellular cortex and less cellular central medulla

Answer 46

T

Question 47

The cortex of the thymus is comprised of what cells?

Answer 47

Maturing and immature T cells

Question 48

The medulla of the thymus contains what cells and unique feature?

Answer 48

Lymphocytes | Hassall's corpuscles (oval bodies of central area of degenerated cells by flattened keratinized epithelial cells)

Question 49

The thoracic duct is 18" long multi-valved tube that beings where?

Answer 49

L1/cisterna chyli

Question 50

Where does the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 50

T12 R of the aorta

Question 51

What is the path of the thoracic duct in the mediastinum?

Answer 51

Posterior, cross R-->L @T4/5

Question 52

Where does the thoracic duct empty in the left neck?

Answer 52

Junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian V

Question 53

What does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 53

Lower 1/2 of body, L 1/2 of head/neck/chest

Question 54

What does the R lymphatic trunk drain?

Answer 54

Right side of head/neck/chest, right upper limb

Question 55

What are the three tonsils in the pharynx?

Answer 55

Palatine, tubal, lingual

Question 56

Where are Peyer's patches found?

Answer 56

Small intestine

Question 57

Skin functions?

Answer 57

mechanical protection, body temp regulation, Vit D synthesis, salt excretion, non-specific immune defense, tactile sensation

Question 58

What are the three layers of skin?

Answer 58

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

Question 59

The epidermis is made of what type of epithelium?

Answer 59

stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

Question 60

What are the subdivisions of the epidermis?

Answer 60

Straum corneum, lucidum (thick skin of palms/soles), granulosum, spinosum (makes keratin), basale

Question 61

The epidermis contains what type of cells?

Answer 61

Melanocytes (produce pigment), Langerhan's (immune ID), Merkel (mechanoreceptors)

Question 62

What nerve type is in the epidermis and what is its function?

Answer 62

Free N endings --> nociception and heat receptors

Question 63

The papillary layer of the dermis is made of loose connective tissue and contains what?

Answer 63

Fibroblasts, collagen fibers, Meissner's corpuscles (P sensitive) and Krause corpuscles (cold temperature)

Question 64

The reticular layer of the dermis is made up of what?

Answer 64

Collagen and elastic fibers

Question 65

T/F the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer is the most superficial layer of the skin

Answer 65

F the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer is the deepest layer of the skin

Question 66

The hypodermis contains what?

Answer 66

Pacinian corpuscles (vibration) and Ruffini corpuscles (joint perception)

Question 67

Skin has the following appendages from which tumors may arise:

Answer 67

hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Question 68

``` Eccrine sweat glands: Found where? Innervated by? Produce what? Involved in? ```

Answer 68

all over Cholinergic N Water, salt Thermoregulation

Question 69

``` Apocrine sweat glands: Found where? Innervated by? Produce what? Involved in? ```

Answer 69

axilla, mons pubis, anus Adrenergic N oily mixture Body scent

Question 70

Sebaceous glands: Found where? Produce what?

Answer 70

everywhere except palms/soles but especially present in scalp and face sebum

Question 71

Holocrine glands

Answer 71

sebaceous and other glands that have secretions produced in the cell followed by rupture of plasma membrane which releases cellular contents into the lumen