RETICULOCYTE COUNT Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

the last immature erythrocyte stage

reticulocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

immediate precursor of RBC

reticulocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

can also be found in the circulation

reticulocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in hematopoiesis, the precursors of immature cells must only be found in the ______, but in RBC, the reticulocytes are found in the ______.

bone marrow
circulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

also known as the immature RBCs, normally found in the circulation

reticulocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when stained darkly with RNA remnants, it may contain organelles such as _______ and _______

ribosomes
mitochondria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why reticulocyte count is assess in the laboratory?

to evaluate erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow
to know if the bone marrow can perform erythropoiesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

reticulocytes spends ____ days in bone marrow, and ____ in peripheral blood

2-3 days
1 day

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RV for newborn (reticulocyte)

1.5 - 5.8%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RV for adult (reticulocytes)

0.5 - 1.5%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

reticulocyte count confirms diagnosis of _____ by therapeutic response

pernicious anemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

if there is an increase in reticulocyte count, the patient may have _______

pernicious anemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

reticulocyte count determines response of pernicious anemia patient to _____

vitamin B12 therapy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

reticulocyte count aids in diagnosis of _____ and _____

lead poisoning
hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(T/F) reticulocyte count determines whether there is not a normal RBC regeneration

false, there is a normal RBC regeneration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

reticulocyte count aids in the prognosis of ______

acute hemorrhage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

an increased reticulocyte count indicates ______

RBC regeneration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

an increase reticulocyte count = _______

there is an erythropoietic activity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

an index for evaluating effectiveness of erythropoiesis

reticulocyte count

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

reticulocyte count is sometimes called _____

poor man’s bone marrow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why is it called the “poor man’s bone marrow”?

the bone activity is evaluated without actually assessing the bone marrow itself

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“poor man’s bone marrow” can be evaluated if the bone marrow compensates in response with ______

hypoxia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

increase reticulocyte count in hypoxia, ___ in RBC count (sometimes)

decrease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hypoxia = bone marrow compensates = _____

increased retics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what stain is used in reticulocyte count?

supravital stain

when whole blood is stained with supravital stain, any non-nucleated erythrocyte that contains ___ or more particles of _________ is a reticulocyte

2 or more particles of blue-stained granulofilamentous material

2 examples of supravital stains

new methylene blue (NMB) brilliant cresyl blue (BCB)

materials used in reticulocyte count

specimen: EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood or capillary blood EDTA tube cotton balls 70% isopropyl alcohol binocular microscope calibrated miller disk supravital stains (NMB, BCB) glass slides cedarwood oil (or any other oil immersion oils)

3 methods in reticulocyte count

1. dry method 2. wet method 3. miller disc method

dry method procedures:

1. mix equal amounts of EDTA whole blood and supravital stains (2-3 drops each) 2. incubate for 3-10 minutes at room temperature 3. remix the preparation 4. prepare a blood smear 5. count 1000 RBC/reticulocyte under OIF

the specific gravity of reticulocyte is ____ than RBC

lower

rapid method of schilling, osgood-william, and sabin

wet method

wet method procedure:

1. place a drop of freshly filtered stain on a clean glass slide 2. add an equal volume of blood. mix by stirring 3. cover the mixture with a clean coverslip lined with vaseline (on the side) 4. proceed with counting

developed as the dry and wet method count very large numbers of RBC to obtain a precise reticulocyte count

miller disc method

developed as the dry and wet method which counts very large numbers of RBC to obtain a precise reticulocyte count

miller disc method

total square

square A

1/9 of the total area of Square A

square B

procedure of miller disc method

same procedure with the dry method 1. count reticulocytes in the entire square A 2. count at least 112 RBCs in square B

mature RBC stained color

gray blue

reticulocytes stained color

gray blue cells with deep blue filamentous web or granules (2 or more)

the presence of 2 or more blue stained inclusions is classified as _______

retics

sources of error

1. failure to mix 2. presence of refractile artifacts 3. increased blood glucose level 4. presence of pappenheimer bodies, heinz bodies, and howell-jolly bodies

confused as retics

pappenheimer bodies, heinz bodies, and howell-jolly bodies

1-7 (decreased RBCs due to problem in synthesis, or due to increase destruction)

reticulocytosis

decreased RBC, increased reticulocytes in the blood

reticulocytosis

reticulocytosis is seen in:

1. hemolytic anemia 2. lead poisoning 3. iron deficiency anemia 4. acute and chronic blood loss 5. thalassemia 6. sideroblastic anemia 7. malaria 8. parasitic infections 9. blood intoxication 10. kala-azar 11. erythroblastic anemia 12. sickle cell anemia 13. relapsing fever 14. leukemia 15. myeloproliferative disorder 16. splenic tumor

physiologic increase in reticulocyte count

pregnancy at birth menstruation high altitudes

the blood undergoes many circulation, and has many requirement for iron, increased need of RBCs, resulting to increased retics count

pregnancy

due to bleeding, decreased RBC, reticulocyte is needed as the bone marrow compensates

menstruation

decreased oxygen pressure resulting for bone marrow to produce more RBC to compensate for decrease in oxygen

high altitudes

erythropoietic activity results in increased reticulocytes premature retics that are released from bone marrow to compensate for decreased RBC

stress/shift reticulocytes

spend 2-4 days in the circulation before it becomes a mature RBC

stress/shift reticulocyte

spend 1 day in the circulation for it to become RBC

normal reticulocytes

decreased reticulocytes

aplastic anemia bone marrow failure acute benzol poisoning chronic infections

no production of any blood cell

aplastic anemia

bone marrow cannot perform erythropoiesis

bone marrow failure

actual number of reticulocytes in 1 liter of whole blood

absolute reticulocyte count (ARC)

ARC reference range:

25-75 x 10^9/L

aka reticulocyte index or hematocrit correction

corrected reticulocyte count (CRC)

in specimens with low hematocrit, the percentage of retics may be falsely elevated because whole blood contains fewer RBCs

corrected reticulocyte count (CRC)

correction factor for CRC

45%

the average HCT count for both males and females

45%

in CRC, result is expressed in ______

percentage

aka shift correction

reticulocyte production index (RPI)

provides further refinement of the CRC

reticulocyte production index (RPI)

measures erythropoietic activity when stress/shift reticulocytes are present

reticulocyte production index (RPI)

40-45% HCT

1 day

35-49% HCT

1.5 days

25-34%

2 days

15-24%

2.5

<15% HCT

3 days