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Retina 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

IRVAN

A

Idiopathic retinal vasulitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis

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2
Q

What are the angiographic findings that can be seen both in APMPPE and serpiginous choroidopathy?

A

Early hypofluoresence and then late hyperfluorescence. Serpiginous tends to affect deeper choroid which may help distinguish.

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3
Q

What is the angiographic descriptive term used to describe MEWDS lesions?

A

Wreathlike

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4
Q

What is a similar condition to MEWDS but does not have characteristic fundus findings?

A

Idiopathic enlargement of the blind spot syndrome (IEBSS)

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5
Q

Acute macular neuroretinopathy

A

NAME?

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6
Q

What are the 4 phases of VKH?

A
  1. Prodromal phase: flulike illness2. Uveitis phase: bilateral granulomatous uveitis including posterior findings3. Acute uveitis phase: uveitis subsides with depigmentation of uvea, yellow-white exudates4. Final phase: chronic and recurrent inflammation
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7
Q

Is PORN or ARN more associated with immunocopromised?

A

PORN

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8
Q

What are the fibers that are seen to stretch in CME on OCT and what layer of the retina is it?

A

Henley fibers; outer plexiform

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9
Q

What are henle fibers?

A

Cone axons

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10
Q

How often are photoreceptor cell outer segments regenerated?

A

Every 10 days

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11
Q

Is Coats disease unilateral or bilateral?

A

unilateral

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12
Q

Which of the three limiting membranes of the retina (ILM, MLM, XLM) is a true membrane? What are the locations of the other two?

A

ILM is a true membrane; MLM is located at the junction of the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer; XLM is at the junction of the outer nuclear layer and OS/IS layer

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13
Q

midget bipolar cell

A

bipolar cell that synapses with cones in a 1:1 fashion

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14
Q

ICG should not be given to people with allergy to what?

A

Iodide or shellfish

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15
Q

How can you know if a hypofluorescent spot is secondary to blocked fluorescence or to vascular filling defect

A

Look at the color photos (or correlate with DFE)

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16
Q

What does the A wave and B wave responses in ERG represent (what cells)?

A

a wave represents photoreceptor cells and b wave represents muller/bipolar cells

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17
Q

What percentage of cones lie peripheral to the macula

A

90%

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18
Q

What cells are responsible for the c wave in ERG?

A

RPE cells; the c wave is produced 2-4 seconds after the initial stimulus is generated

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19
Q

What is the approximate size of the FAZ

A

250-600 microns

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20
Q

What would be reason to use red Argon laser?

A

It penetrates better and is not absorbed as well by blood. 1. Dense NSC2. Vitreous hemorrhage (if need to laser through)

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21
Q

Where does drusen accumulate?

Study These Flashcards
A

Between RPE and bruchs membrane (technically the inner aspect of bruchs membrane which is the inner collagenous layer)

22
Q

Does an eye with soft macular drusen only or hard macular drusen have an increased risk for advancement to CNV?

23
Q

Cuticular drusen

Study These Flashcards
A

innumerable and homogenous round drusen that are small or large 1st apparent in a patient in their 30-40’s. type of familial drusen. VA often stable but drusen can involve fovea

24
Q

What micronutrients have been found to help prevent the advancement of AMD in moderate cases?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. 500mg Vit C, 400 IU Vit E (AREDS1)2. Zinc 25mg, 10mg Lutein, 2mg zeaxanthine (from AREDS23. Not helpful is beta-carotene (areds2) and higher zinc (80mg), as well as omega-3
25
What VEGF subtype does ranibizumab bind to to inactivate?
VEGF-A
26
What are the 4 signs of ocular histoplasmosis syndrome?
1. Punched out chorioretinal lesions2. Juxtapapillary atrophic pigmentary changes3. CNV4. No vitritis
27
What is the definition of high myopia (in diopters and axial length)? Pathologic myopia?
1. >-6.0D; >26.5mm axial length2. >8.00D; > 32.5mm axial length
28
Did DCCT show that tight control of glycemia is important in type 1 or type 2's? How about UKPDS?
1. Type 1's2. Type 2's
29
PDT was shown to be effective for what type of CNV?
predominately classic; no difference seen in minimally classic
30
Recoverin antigen is associated with what condition?
CAR (cancer associated retinopathy)
31
Transthyretin mutation is seen in what condition?
Familial amyloidosis
32
What is the definition of threshold ROP?
5,8 in 3,2,1+5 continuous or 8 cumulative clock hours of stage 3 ROP in zone 2 or 1 with plus disease
33
What is the risk for severe NPDR to develop into high-risk PDR in 1 year? Very severe (defined as 2 of the 4-2-1 rule)?
15%; 45%
34
What type of IOL material should not be placed in a diabetic?
silicone b/c DM patients may have DR issues requiring PPV and silicone interfers with PPV view
35
Which sicle cell hemoglobinopathy has the highest rate of proliferative retinopathy?
Hemaglobin C sickle cell disease at 33% rate
36
Sickle cell retinopathy has 5 stages. At what stage is the "sea fan" seen? RD?
Stage 3; stage 5
37
In BRVO studies and CRVO studies what was considered to be a risk factor in CRVO but not in BRVO?
DM
38
When is the peak incidence of Irvine Gass syndrome following ICCE?
6-10 weeks; CME in 95% will spontaneously resolve
39
Does type 1 or type 2 juxtafoveal telangectasia have a male predominance?
Type 1
40
What defines type 3 juxtafoveal telangectasia?
Type 2 with retinal capillary obliteration
41
Does juxtafoveal telangectasia response to photocoagulation?
Type 1 does someone, Type 2 and 3 does not so well
42
PPA exhibits what type of hyperfluoresence on FA?
Staining: hyperfluoresence early on that increases with late photos (unlike window defect which will fade)
43
What is the ERG like in CAR and MAR
Flat B wave (bipolar cells in inner nuclear layer affected
44
What exposure (in grays) is concerning for radiation retinopathy?
30-35 grays>70 grays will most likely result in retinopathy
45
How is radiation retinopathy treated?
Just like DR
46
What causes purtscher retinopathy at the tissue/cellular level?
Trauma causes injury induced complement activation which results in leukoembolization
47
What is purtscher-like retinopathy?
same pathophysiology as purtschers but no trauma (e.g. pancreatitis)
48
What is stage 4A ROP? Stage 5? Stage 3?
Fovea on RD; tunnel RD; Ridge with vascular proliferation
49
What percentage of CSR patient exhibit a "smoke stack" FA?
10%
50
In obtaining an ICG for suspected CSR, what other conditions are you looking to rule out?
PCV and occult CNV AMD

Retina (4 decks)

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