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Abdomen II > Retroperitoneum and Lymphatic system Ch. 14 > Flashcards

Retroperitoneum and Lymphatic system Ch. 14 Flashcards

1
Q

A pocket of infection typically containing pus, blood, and degenerating tissue

A

Abscess

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2
Q

Enlargement of lymph nodes due to inflammation, primary neoplasia, or metastasis. Also called lymphadenopathy

A

Adenopathy

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3
Q

Fluid, such as blood, bile, or urine, that is forced out or leaks out of its normal vessel into the surrounding tissues or potential spaces

A

Extravasate

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4
Q

A thin sheet-like tissue that separates muscles

A

Fascia

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5
Q

A term used to describe the aorta and inferior vena cava together

A

Great vessels

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6
Q

An extravasated collection of blood localized within a potential space or tissues

A

hematoma

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7
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus; blood-borne virus that attacks T lymphocytes resulting in their destruction or impairment eventually leading to AIDS

A

HIV

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8
Q

Distortion or displacement of normal anatomy due to a mass, neoplasm, or fluid collection

A

Mass effect

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9
Q

The spread of cancer from the site at which it first arose to a distant site

A

Metastasis

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10
Q

Planes that are perpendicular or 90 degrees to each other

A

Orthogonal

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11
Q

A new growth of benign or malignant orgin

A

Primary neoplasm

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12
Q

An extravasated urine collection due to a tear of the urinary collecting system

A

Urinoma

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13
Q

Extravasated lymphatic fluid within the retroperitoneum

A

Lymphocele

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14
Q

Primary modality for evaluating the retroperitoneal cavity

A

CT

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15
Q

What lymph nodes are located surrounding the major blood vessels of the retroperitoneum?

A

Parietal lymph nodes

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16
Q

What lymph nodes are located along the small bowel and mesentery?

A

Lacteals

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17
Q

What is the most common primary malignancy of the retroperitneum?

A

Liposarcoma

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18
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of a liposarcoma?

A

Extremely large, poorly marginated, complex retroperitoneal mass

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19
Q

What is the most common site for retroperitoneal infections?

A

Anterior pararenal space

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of posterior pararenal fluid collections?

A

Abscess or hemorrhage from aortic disease

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21
Q

The area that lies behind the peritoneal membrane is referred to as the

A

Retroperitoneum

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22
Q

The retroperitoneum lies between the pariteal peritoneum and anterior to the

A

Transverse facia

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23
Q

Lymph nodes are located 360 degrees around the great vessels. The nodes that lie posterior to the great vessels may displace the aorta and IVC ______________ when enlarged

A

Anteriorly

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24
Q

A fluid collection that may occur following lymph node dissection for cancer staging

A

Lymphocele

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25
Retroperitoneal fluid collections include:
Abscess Hematoma Urinoma Lymphocele
26
Fluid collections within the perirenal space are generally associated with ______________ abnormalties
Renal
27
An enlargement of lymph nodes due to an inflammatory process is called
Lymphadenitis
28
The second most common primary retroperitoneal malignancy is
Leiomyosarcoma
29
Malignant tumors tend to be ____________ and more ___________ than their benign counterparts.
Larger Complex
30
Three major compartments of the retroperitoneum
Anterior pararenal space perirenal or perinephric space Posterior pararenal space
31
The anterior pararenal space is bordered anteriorly by the ________ ________ __________ and posteriorly by the ___________ __________ ____________.
posterior parietal peritoneum anterior perirenal fascia
32
The perirenal space is bordered anteriorly by the __________ __________ __________ and posteriorly by the _________ ___________ ___________.
anterior renal fascia posterior renal fascia
33
The posterior renal space lies between the _________ __________ ___________ and the ___________ ____________ .
posterior renal fascia transversalis fascia
34
Solid masses found in the retroperitoneum are usually __________ and most frequently involve the _________ ___________.
Metastatic Lymph nodes
35
On color or power doppler, lymphadenitis demonstrates
hyperemia
36
Primary malignant nodes tend to become more ___________ to ___________ and round shaped with a length to width ratio of less than two
hypoechoic anechoic
37
_______________ is a very common finding in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Lymphadenopathy
38
Chronic inflammatory process that results in fibrous tissue proliferation affecting and encasing the great vessels, ureters and lymphatics of the retroperitoneum
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
39
Primary malignancies of the retroperitoneum include
Liposarcoma leinmyosarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma myxosarcoma fibrosarcoma
40
Most common primary malignancy of the retroperitoneum, representing 95% of all fatty retroperitoneal tumors
Liposarcoma
41
Most common site for retroperitoneal infections
Anterior pararenal space
42
Sonographically, enlarged lymph nodes typically appear as
oval to round shaped masses with a low to medium level echo pattern.
43
Sonographically primary malignant nodes tend to be
more hypoechoic to anechoic , more round than oval in shape, asymmetric cortical widening and loss of normal fatty hilum
44
A distortion or displacement of normal anatomy due to a mass, neoplasm or fluid collection
Mass effect
45
Which retroperitoneal space contains no organs?
Posterior pararenal space
46
What are lymph nodes that are found surrounding the major blood vessels of the retroperitoneum?
Parietal lymph nodes
47
What are lymph nodes found along the small bowel and mesentery called?
Lacteals
48
What is the most common cause of posterior pararenal fluid collections?
Abscess or hemorrhage from aortic disease
49
Which retroperitoneal compartment would contain a pseudocyst?
Anterior pararenal space
50
A fluid collection is seen surrounding the left kidney. What is the likely diagnosis of the fluid collection?
Urinoma
51
What is the normal measurement for lymph nodes surrounding the great vessels
Less than 10 mm
52
Which retroperitoneal compartment contains the psoas and quadrates lumborum muscles?
Posterior pararenal space
53
Sonographic findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis
Large, hypoechoic mass surrounding the abdominal aorta
54
Indicate the two primary functions of lymph nodes
Filter lymph Immune Surveillance
55
What structures functions to filter lymph
Lymph nodes
56
Lymphatic ____________ drain into the subclavian veins
Ducts
57
What cell type has receptors on their surface that enables them to recognize nonself antigens
Lymphocytes
58
Malignant smooth muscle tumors in uterus & GI tract
Leiomyosarcomas
59
Dense, fibrous sheets of connective tissue extending from perirenal space to dome of bladder
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis (RPF) aka Ormond's Disease or Inflammatory Aneurysm
60
Best diagnostic tool for Cystic Masses / Retroperitoneal Fluid Collections is?
FNA
61
Abscess presents with:
Leukocytosis Fever Point tenderness (depending on location)
62
Urinoma is due to
Trauma Obstruction Renal Transplant
63
Sonographic appearance of benign lymph node pathology is
Echogenic lymph node with fatty hilum
64
Adenopathy is secondary to lymphoma is usually_________ in appearance
Sonolucent
65
Adenopathy secondary to metastatic disease is usually ______________
Complex
66
The fluid that enters the lymphatic plexus is referred to as
Lymph
67
In the retroperitoneum , lymph nodes are usually divided into
deep abdominal (or parietal) lymph nodes Superficial abdominal (or Visceral) lymph nodes
68
Lymph nodes encircling the aorta or IVC or both are considered abnormal in size if they are greater than
> 10
69
The anterior pararenal space contains portions of the
Digestive tract The pancreas Distal common bile duct
70
The perirenal space contains the:
kidneys adrenal glands perinephric fat aorta IVC
71
The posterior pararenal space contains
No organs, only fat
72
Retroperitoneal infections most commonly occur in the _______________ _________________ space as a result of appendicitis, bowel inflammation, trauma or pancreatitis
Anterior pararenal
73
Fluid collections in the _____________ ______________ are generally associated with renal abnormalites such as nephritis, ruptured renal artery aneurysm, or bleeding from a renal neoplasm
Perirenal space
74
Fluid collections in the _____________ ____________ space are most commonly associated with aortic disease and may include hemorrhage from rupture or infection from surgical procedures
Posterior pararenal
75
Which retroperitoneal compartment contains the pancreas, the ascending colon, and the descending colon?
Anterior Pararenal Space
76
Which lymphatic nodes are located in the retroperitoneum?
Mesenteric
77
What pathology describes the enlargement of lymph nodes caused by inflammation , primary neoplasia, or metastasis?
Lymphadenopathy(Adenopathy)
78
Which echo pattern is usually seen with primary malignant nodes like those seen with lymphoma?
Round shaped, hypoechoic to anechoic
79
What is the extent of the retroperitoneum?
From the diaphragm superiorly to the pelvic brim inferiorly
80
What is the primary difference int he sonographic appearance between retroperitoneal firosis and para-aortic lymphadenopathy?
Renal fascia is less echogenic and ssmaller

Abdomen II (5 decks)

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