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Abdomen II > Thyroid, Parathyroid and Neck > Flashcards

Thyroid, Parathyroid and Neck Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Benign solid tumor of the parathyroid gland that secretes parathyroid hormone. Solid tumor of the thyroid gland

A

Adenoma

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2
Q

Enlargement of the glands

A

Adenopathy

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3
Q

A loss of differentiation of cell that is a characteristic of tumor tissue and occurs in most malignant tumors

A

anaplasia

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4
Q

Enlargement of lymph nodes

A

cervical adenopathy

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5
Q

Seen on a nuclear medicine study as a region of thyroid where the radioisotope has not been taken up; the area may correspond to a palpable mass

A

Cold nodule (photon-deficient area)

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6
Q

The thyroid gland is producing the right amount of thyroid hormone is referred to as

A

euthyroid

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7
Q

Invasive procedure using a small gauge needle to obtain a tissue specimen from a specific lesion

A

fine-needle aspiration (FNA)

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8
Q

Focal or diffuse thyroid gland enlargement due to iodine deficiency; multiple nodules may be present

A

goiter

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9
Q

An autoimmune hyperthyroidism caused by antibodies that continuously activate thyroid stimulating hormone receptors: It is characterized by enlarged tyhroid, protrusion of eyeballs (exophthalmos) , a rapid heartbeat, nervous excitability

A

Graves disease

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10
Q

Most common inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland; usually occurs in genetically predisposed individuals, often presents in patients with other autoimmune disorders that may be associated with the formation of antibodies against normal thyroid tissue, and often accompanied by marked hyperemia

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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11
Q

Occurring at an abnormal place or upon the wrong part of the body

A

Heterotopic

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12
Q

Disorder associated with elevated serum calcium levels, usually caused by benign parathyroid adenoma

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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13
Q

Oversecretion of thyroid hormones

A

hyperthyroidism

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14
Q

Low phosphate level that can be seen with hyperparathyroidism

A

hypophosphatasia

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15
Q

Underactive thyroid hormones

A

Hypothyroidism

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16
Q

Causing little pain or slow growing tumor

A

indolent

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17
Q

Thin band of thyroid tissue connecting the right and left lobes

A

isthmus

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18
Q

Wedged shaped muscle posterior to the thyroid lobes

A

longus coli muscles

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19
Q

Tiny hyperechoic foci that may or may not shadow; sometimes present within a thyroid nodule

A

microcalcifications

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20
Q

Most common form of thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

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21
Q

Hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulate serum calcium and phosphorus

A

Parathyroid hormone

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22
Q

Oversecretion of parathyroid hormones

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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23
Q

Large muscles located anterolateral to the thyroid

A

sternocleidomastoid muscles

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24
Q

Sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles located anterior to the the thyroid

A

strap muscles

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25
Developmental fluid-filled spaces; congenital anomaly located anterior to the trachea extending from the base of the tongue to the isthmus of the thyroid
thyroglossal duct cyst
26
Increase in color doppler vascular flow in the thyroid
thyroid inferno
27
Inflammation of the thyroid
thyroiditis
28
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyoinine
thyroid stimulating hormone
29
The thyroid and parathyroid both have what common functions
Both are endocrine glands
30
What is the main function of the thyroid gland?
regulation of basal metabolic rate
31
What is the most common functional disorder of the thyroid gland
hypothyroidism
32
How many parathyroid glands do most adults have?
four
33
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma
34
The mean length of the thyroid is:
40 to 60 mm
35
The mean AP diameter of the thyroid is
12 to 18 mm
36
The mean thickness of the isthmus is:
4 to 6 mm
37
What three hormones does the thyroid gland secrete
Triiodothyronine(T3) Thyroxine (T4) Calcitonin
38
What is needed to properly synthesize the thyroid hormones?
iodine
39
The common carotid artery and internal jugular vein form the __________ __________ border of the thyroid gland
posterior lateral
40
The echotexture of the normal thyroid gland is:
homogeneous
41
The thyroid gland is ____________ when compared to the adjacent musculature
hyperechoic
42
Congenital cyst of the neck that tend to midline:
thyroglossal duct cyst
43
Congenital cyst of the neck that tend to lie lateral to the carotid artery
brachial cleft cyst
44
Hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of free T3 and T4.
Throtoxicosis
45
The majority of patients with hyperthyroidism have ____________ disease
graves
46
The most common cause of primary hypothyroidism is
hashimoto thyroiditis
47
Papillary carcinoma most commonly occurs between the ages of
20 and 50
48
Papillary carcinoma is three times more common in
women
49
A definitive diagnosis of papillary carcinoma can be made by
Fine needle asperation (FNA)
50
The overall survival rate for papillary carcinoma is;
98%
51
The parathyroid glands are responsible for producing
parathyroid hormone
52
Parathyroid hormones regulate the concentration of
calcium and phosphorous
53
Dysphagia is described as;
difficulty swallowing
54
What is the medical term for bulging eyes?
Exophthalmos
55
What is another name for a cystic hygroma
Lymphangioma
56
A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a
brachial cleft cyst
57
A normal lymph node will not measure greater than
10 mm
58
what sonographic findings are associated with a thyroid inferno?
Increased vascularity
59
Which abnormality is associated with sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno
Graves disease
60
The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:
triiodothyronine
61
Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?
common carotid artery
62
A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than ______________ is indicative of thyroid enlargement
10 mm
63
Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?
strap
64
What is the first branch of the external carotid artery/
superior thyroid
65
The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the
pyramidal lobe
66
Which hormone is most abundantly produced by the thyroid
thyroxine
67
Difficulty breathing
dyspnea
68
Hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules seen on nuclear medicine study that are almost always benign
hot nodules
69
Elevated serum calcium
hypercalcemia
70
Pediatric neck mass that consist of lymphatic fluid secondary to the blockage of lymphatic channels; may also be referred to as cystic hygroma, may occur in other parts of the body where lymphatic tissue exist
lymphangioma
71
Clinical finding associated with Graves disease in which there is thickening of the skin and edema on the anterior legs
pretibial myxedema
72
A normal variant of the thyroid gland in which there is a superior extension of the isthmus
pyramidal lobe
73
Nuclear medicine study in which a radiopharmaceutical is used to examine the thyroid gland
scintigraphy
74
The surgical removal of the thyroid or part of the thyroid
thyroidectomy
75
The fluid produced by the thyroid that contains thyroid hormones
colloid

Abdomen II (5 decks)

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