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Sem 3: Path 1 > Reversible + Irreversible Injury - Necrosis + Apoptosis > Flashcards

Reversible + Irreversible Injury - Necrosis + Apoptosis Flashcards

1
Q

_________ changes occur in < 6 hrs

A

Ultrastructural

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2
Q

_________ changes occur within 6-12 hrs

A

Histological

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3
Q

________ changes occur in 1-2 days

A

Gross

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4
Q

When detecting cell injury, __________ changes happen first

A

Biochemical alterations

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5
Q

What are examples of reversible cell injury?

A
  1. Cell swelling
  2. Fatty changes (lipidosis)
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6
Q

What are examples of irreversible cell injury?

A
  1. Necrosis
  2. Apoptosis
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7
Q

What is another term used for acute cell swelling of the epidermis?

A

Ballooning degeneration

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8
Q

What is the gross appearance of acute cell swelling?

A
  1. Swollen organ with smooth edges
  2. Pallor (pale)
  3. Heavy, wet organ
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9
Q

How can you differentiate cell swelling from lipidosis?

A

Lipidosis - nucleus is displaced to the edges of the cell

Cell swelling - nucleus remains in the center, cells are large with pale cytoplasm

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10
Q

The initial etiology of acute cell swelling is ___________

A

Malfunction of Na/K pump

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11
Q

Which cells are commonly affected by acute cell swelling?

A
  1. Cardiomyocytes
  2. Hepatocytes
  3. Proximal tubule / kidney
  4. Neurons
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12
Q

Which cells are susceptible to lipidosis?

A
  1. Liver
  2. Cardiac and skeletal muscle
  3. Kidneys
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13
Q

What are the main causes of fatty changes?

A
  1. hypoxia
  2. Toxicity
  3. Metabolic disorders
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14
Q

What is the pathogenesis of fatty liver?

A
  1. Excess FFA delivery
  2. Decreased oxidation or use of FFAs
  3. Impaired synthesis of apoprotein
  4. Impaired combo of triglycerides and proteins to form lipoproteins
  5. Impaired release of lipoproteins from hepatocytes
  • obesity, starvation, diabetes mellitus
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14
Q

What is the gross appearance of hepatic lipidosis?

A
  1. Soft, friable tissue
  2. Greasy
  3. May float in fixative
  4. Round edges
  5. Yellow color
  6. ** reticular pattern
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15
Q

What are examples of physiologic hepatic lipidosis?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Early lactation

** needs lots of fats and energy during this time - mobilization of fat

16
Q

What genetic disorder can cause hepatic lipidosis?

A

Niemann Pick disease - a lysosomal storage disease

17
Q

__________ is accompanied by inflammation, while ________ is not

A

Necrosis, apoptosis

Necrosis - Inflamm!!
Apoptosis - NO INFLAMM, cell shrinks

18
Q

True or False: Necrosis can be pathologic or physiologic

A

FALSE

**true for apoptosis

19
Q

__________ refers to a cell with a fragmented nucleus

A

Karyorrhectic cell

20
Q

_________ refers to a cell with a condensed, small nucleus

A

Pyknotic cell

21
Q

_______ refers to a cell with a loosely, dissolved, fading nucleus

A

Karyolytic cell

22
Q

What types of oncotic necrosis are there?

A
  1. Coagulative necrosis
  2. Caseous necrosis
  3. Liqufactive necrosis
  4. Gangrenous necrosis
  5. Fat necrosis
  6. Fibrinoid necrosis
23
Q

What tissues are more susceptible to coagulative necrosis?

A
  1. Liver
  2. Kidney
  3. Heart
  4. Skeletal muscle
24
Q

How can you tell a kidney has coagulative necrosis

A

INFARCTS!! - wedge shaped lesion

25
Q

_______ necrosis occurs in tissues with high lipid content, like the ________

A

Liquefactive, CNS (brain + spinal cord)

26
Q

_______________ is necrosis of the white matter of the brain

A

Leukoencephalomalacia

**liquefactive necrosis

27
Q

_______________ is necrosis of the gray matter of the brain

A

Polioencephalomalacia

**liquefactive necrosis

28
Q

_______________ is necrosis of the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

Poliomyelomalacia

**liquefactive necrosis

29
Q

_______________ is necrosis of the white matter of the spinal cord

A

Leukomyelomalacia

**liquefactive necrosis

30
Q

What is an etiology of polioencephalomalacia?

A
  1. Thiamine (B1) deficiency
  2. Lead poisoning
31
Q

What is an etiology of Leukoencephalomalacia?

A
  1. Ingestion of moldy corn containing fusarium verticilioide
32
Q

What is an etiology of poliomyelomalacia?

A

Viruses

33
Q

Frostbite is an etiology for ____________

A

Gangrenous necrosis

34
Q

What is wet gangrene associated with?

A

BacT infection

Ex: mastitis in goat

35
Q

What does caseous necrosis look like on histo?

A

Pink center of eosinophils surrounded by a basophilic rim of inflammatory cells

**no neutrophils tho

36
Q

What are the 3 types of fat necrosis?

A
  1. Enzymatic necrosis
  2. Traumatic necrosis of fat
  3. Necrosis of abd fat
37
Q
A

Sem 3: Path 1 (9 decks)

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