review 1

Question 1

What is the internal structure of the earth?

Answer 1

The curst, the mantle, the inner core, the outer core

Question 2

What are plate tectonics

Answer 2

Plate tectonics is a theory that explains how the Earths outer shell moves and drifts

Question 3

explain the three types of tectonic plate movement

Answer 3

Divergent- occurs when two plate move apart
Convergent - two plates move toward each other
Transform - plates are made neither larger nor smaller

Question 4

What are the 3 types of rocks?

Answer 4

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

Question 5

describe igneous

Answer 5

-Formed from melted rock that had cooled and solidified
-when rocks are buried deep within the earth, they melt because of the high pressure and temperature
- the molten rock (magma) can flow upward/erupt

Question 6

describe sedimentary

Answer 6

-formed at the surface of the earth, either in water or on land
-they are layered accumulation of sediments
-most sedimentary rocks become cemented together over time from pressure

Question 7

describe metamorphic

Answer 7

• Formed deep in the earth where high temperature, great pressure, and chemical reactions cause one type of rock
  Metamorphic rocks begin to form at 12-16 km beneath the earths surface
  -they begin changing at a temperature of 100 c

Question 8

recreate rock cycle

Answer 8

check word for answer

Question 9

How do you make a climate graph? What features are in a climate graph

Answer 9

12 months across the bottom
temperature on left side, (in red)
At 6, green line for growing season

Question 10

What is a landform region? examples?

Answer 10

A landform region is an area of the earth with a unique set of physical features. examples, islands, mountains, volcanoes, rivers

Question 11

What is a glacier? What are some effects?

Answer 11

A glacier is a body of ice that is constantly moving under its own weight , increases coastal erosion and elevates storm surge

Question 12

What are Canadas landform regions? What are their characteristics

Answer 12

western cordillera (sharpened mountains tops + U shaped valleys)
- interior plains (large, wide open area without trees/ Mountains)
- Canadian shield (formed in stages)
-Appalachians (eastern provinces + part of Quebec)
- intuition mountains (mountains regions for north)
-Hudson Bay- artic lowlands (islands formed by sedimentary rock)
- great lakes – St. Lawrence lowlands (in Ontario + Quebec)

Question 13

LOWERN

Answer 13

Latitude
Ocean currents
Wind / air mass
Elevation
Relief
Near water

Question 14

Relief precipitation, convection precipitation, cyclonic precipitation

Answer 14

Relief
precipitation created when air mass rises to cross a mountain barrier
Convection
Precipitation develops because of the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun
Cyclonic
Precipitation created when air masses that are different in temperature and mature Cadile

Question 15

What is the total annual precipitation for stoney creek

Answer 15

-655mm

Question 16

What is the average monthly

Answer 16

8.75 c

Question 17

know the climate regions of Canada, which are we located in?

Answer 17

Canada has two
maritime –> (us)
continental

Question 18

What are the soil regions of Canada?

Answer 18

Canada has four
Tundra soils
Wet climate soils
dry climate soils
Mountains soils

Question 19

What are the parts of soil?

Answer 19

topsoil
subsoil
parents material

Question 20

What is calcification?

Answer 20

forming process of dry climatic regions. Where evaporation exceed participation

Question 21

What is leaching?

Answer 21

is the downward movement of dissolved mobile plant nutrients is the soil profile following water such as rain

Question 22

describe Canadas vegetation patterns

Answer 22

The natural vegetation in any given region is manly a product of the combination of temperature and precipitation
Ex. The vegetation in BC may be different than the vegetation in Ontario

Question 23

total stock

Answer 23

all parts of the natural environment including energy, living organisms, and non - living materials

Question 24

Resource

Answer 24

any physical material constituting part of Earth that people need and value.

Question 25

Natural resources

Answer 25

Natural resources are materials from the Earth that are used to support life and meet people's needs.

Question 26

what are the 3 Rs

Answer 26

reduce, reuse, recycle

Question 27

Mining a resource

Answer 27

Mining is the process of extracting useful materials from the earth.

Question 28

Sustained yield management

Answer 28

maintaining continuous production on all our lands that are economically and environmentally suited for timber production.

Question 29

Farming

Answer 29

Farming is the act or process of working the ground, planting seeds, and growing edible plants.

Question 30

Forestry

Answer 30

trees are the renewable resource in forestry. Poor forestry can result in scrub bush replacing a high quality of forest. The size and boarders of forest regions will change

Question 31

Fishing

Answer 31

ishing is important as a source of food and a source of income. Fish stocks are too often mined. Pollution of the ocean can reduce the numbers of fish and make the fish dangerous to eat. Since oceans around the world are warming. Fish populations are moving

Question 32

Mining

Answer 32

the process or industry of obtaining coal or other minerals from a mine.

Question 33

intensive farming and extensive farming

Answer 33

Intensive- small areas of land, large amounts of labour, near large urban areas produces product for nearly large population (ex: dairy) Extensive farming- large amounts of land, small amounts of labour, produces products for export (ex: wheat, cooking oil)

Question 34

Metallic minerals

Answer 34

a mineral that yields a metal (ex: iron, gold, copper, uranium, zinc, silver, lead) when melted, it typically comes from igneous and metamorphic rocks

Question 35

Non-metallic mineral

Answer 35

a mineral that does not change its form when melted (ex: potash, sand, gravel, diamond, slat, limestone) it most commonly comes from sedimentary rocks

Question 36

Ore

Answer 36

a rock that contains enough of valuable metallic mineral to make mining profitable

Question 37

what happened to the east coast fishers?

Answer 37

the catch of cod and other ground fish had declined in the late 70s, which later led to an unexpected collapse in 1991

Question 38

inshore and offshore fishing

Answer 38

inshore being within two miles of the shore, and offshore being out at sea

Question 39

define reserves

Answer 39

deposits of natural resources like fuels, elements, and minerals that are known to exist with a reasonable level of certainty based on geological and engineering studies.

Question 40

fossil fuels

Answer 40

A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon material formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel. the main fossil fuels are coal, oil and natural gas.

Question 41

what are the 3 types of mining?

Answer 41

strip mining open pit mining underground mining

Question 42

strip mining

Answer 42

is the cheapest but can only be used for mineral deposits located very close to the surface. Strip mining is used to extract minerals such as sand, gravel, some coal deposits, and oil sands. It has the most severe environment impact since very large areas of the surface must be disturbed

Question 43

Open pit mining

Answer 43

is more expensive than strip mining. It is used for minerals relatively close to the surface but deeper than can be accessed by strip mining. Examples of minerals mined by open pit mining are some diamon deposits, oil, sands, and iron deposits.

Question 44

Underground mining

Answer 44

is the most expensive mining method, it is used to extract potash and vauable ores, such as gold, nickel, and copper, that may be more than 1000 meters (about 3280.84 ft) below the earth's surface. In extreme cases, underground mines can be 3000 meters deep.

Question 45

diamonds

Answer 45

diamond, a mineral composed of pure carbon. It is the hardest naturally occurring substance known; it is also the most popular gemstone.

Question 46

what are Canadas types of industries?

Answer 46

anufactured products include paper, high technology equipment, automobiles, machinery, food, clothing and many other goods.

Question 47

define free trade and tariff

Answer 47

Free trade- Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports. Tariff- is a tax charged on goods or services as they move from one country to another

Question 48

what are some of Canadas largest companies

Answer 48

Royal bank of Canada, Enbridge, Toronto domination bank

Question 49

what is the multiplier effect?

Answer 49

Multipiler effect- the increase in total wealth or income that occurs when new money is injected into and economy.

Question 50

What are basic and non-basic jobs?

Answer 50

Basic job- a job that brings money into an econmy from somehwere else. Non-basic- a job that circulates money within an economy.

Question 51

What happens when we have more or less basic jobs?

Answer 51

For every basic job in town there will be about three non-basic jobs, if there were to happen that there were more basic jobs, we wouldn’t have enough people to work at grocery stores, malls, banks and the hours would have to be different.

Question 52

practice calculations

Question 53

what is the rule of 70?

Answer 53

used to determine the number of years it takes for a variable to double by dividing the number 70 by the variable's growth rate.

Question 54

what is immigration

Answer 54

process through which individuals become permanent residents or citizens of another country.

Question 55

Canada immigration history

Answer 55

rom 2001 to 2014, an average of around 250,000 landed immigrants settled in Canada every year

Question 56

what are push and pull factors?

Answer 56

Push- Push factors “push” people away from their home and include things like war. Pull- people to a new home and include things like better opportunities.