review 4 Flashcards
Total ferity rate-
represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years
Replacement rate
the percentage of an individual’s annual employment income that is replaced by retirement income when they retire
Population implosion
fewer children are born; families with children move to larger towns and cities; young and better-educated people move to larger towns and cities.
Demographic trap
the conditions where a nation has passed through the process of lowering death rates but has not been able to lower birth rates before ecological carrying capacity is exceeded.
Fragile state
A state that is fragile is a state/country that is not a failed state yet.
describe the different phases of the demographic transition model. What is happening in each phase?
Stage 1—High birth and death rates lead to slow population growth. Stage 2—The death rate falls but the birth rate remains high, leading to faster population growth. Stage 3—The birth rate starts to fall, so population growth starts to slow.
what are the different groups we classify according to poverty and population
poor, low income, middle income, upper-middle income, and high income.
Livability
all the characteristics of a community that contribute to the quality of life of the people who live there
Sustainability
improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting the ecosystem
urbanization
growth in the percentage of a country’s population that lives in cities and towns
Urban growth
growth in the number of people who live in cities and towns
Urban sprawl
largely uncontrolled expansion of citied onto adjacent rural lands
Green belt
an area of rural land around a city that cannot be built on
20-minute neighbourhood
these are places where everyone can meet most of their daily needs within a short walk, wheel or cycle from their home
