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phys exam 2 > review > Flashcards

review Flashcards

1
Q

ingestion

A

introduction of food into stomach

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2
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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3
Q

Peristalsis

A

rhythmic, wavelike contractions that move food through GI tract

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4
Q

Segmentation

A

a secretion or food is introduced, segments of the digestive tract alternate between contraction and relaxation, material is spread out in both directions… essentially mix and break food down into smaller pieces—stationary

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5
Q

Secretion

A

lubricate, liquefy, digest

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6
Q

mechanical digestion

A

mastication and mixing of food

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7
Q

chemical digestion

A

digestive enzymes

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8
Q

absorption

A

passage of digested end products into blood and lymph

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9
Q

elimination

A

waste products removed from body in the form of feces

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10
Q

layers of the intestinal tract

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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11
Q

mucosa

A

inner most

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12
Q

submucosa

A

thick connective tissue that contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and glands

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13
Q

muscularis

A

has an inner layer that contains circular smooth muscle and an outer layer that contains longitudinal smooth muscle

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14
Q

serosa

A

visceral peritoneum, connective tissue layer and is simple squamous epithelium

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15
Q

Muscularis: Usually 2 layers of smooth muscle, what are the two exceptions?

A

Upper esophagus with skeletal muscle and stomach has 3 layers of smooth muscle

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16
Q

adventita

A

connective tissue that blends with connective tissue of surrounding structures

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17
Q

Submucosal plexus

A

control secretion from the glands

18
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

control mobility or movement of GI tract

19
Q

What type of epithelium in oral cavity?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

20
Q

role of lips and cheeks

A

mastication and holds food in place

21
Q

role of the palate

A

separate oral and nasal cavities

22
Q

roll of the tongue

A

larger muscular organ that moves food in the mouth

23
Q

Mastication

A

Goal of mastication (chewing) is to reduce food particle size for deglutition (or increase surface area for chemical digestion)

Mastication is a complex action that involves Tongue, Teeth, Mastication reflex, and salivary glands.

24
Q

Components and functions of saliva

A

keep oral cavity moist

Begins digestion

Prevent bacterial infection

Mucous helps form bolus for swallowing

25
Q

There are 3 types of salivary glands, what is the largest salivary gland

A

Parotid- largest

Sub mandibula

Sublingual

26
Q

Voluntary phase of swallowing

A

Bolus is moved by tongue from oral cavity to pharynx

27
Q

Pharyngealphase of swallowing

A

Reflex is initiated by tactile receptors and controlled by the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata

Soft palate is elevated and close off nasopharynx

Pharynx and larynx elevate to move the bolus down the pharynx

Epiglottis is bent over the opening of the larynx by the force of the bolus

28
Q

Esophagealphase of swallowing

A

Bolus moved by peristaltic contractions of the esophagus to the stomach

Presence of food in esophagus stimulates myenteric plexus

29
Q

Uniqueness of the muscularis layer

A

It has a third layer called the inner oblique layer. It helps churn the chime in the stomach

30
Q

Function(s) of Rugae

A

Allow for expansion of the stomach after the consumption of foods and liquids

31
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

governs the passage of food out of the stomach into the small intestine

32
Q

anatomy of the liver

A

right and left lobe, portal triad

33
Q

Hepatic ducts

A

carry bile from liver and combine to form the hepatic duct

34
Q

What are the functions and structure of the gallbladder

A

Sac like structure composed of mucosa, inner muscularis and outer serosa

Bile arrives from the liver and gallbladder stores and concentrates it

35
Q

what are gallstones

A

precipitated cholesterol or pigment, can block cystic duct and can cause diabetes

36
Q

functions of the liver

A

Bile production

Storage of nutrients

Nutrient metabolism

Detoxification

Phagocytosis

Synthesis of blood proteins

37
Q

endocrine secretions

A

pancreatic islets- these produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin

38
Q

exocrine secretions

A

pancreatic acini- produce pancreatic juice

39
Q

content of pancreatic juice

A

Aqueous component- helps stop pepsin digestion and neutralizes acidic chyme

40
Q

enzymatic component

A

helps with digestion

41
Q

Pancreatic enzymes sometime produced as inactive molecules, why??

A

To protect the organs and glands from digestion by the enzymes

phys exam 2 (3 decks)

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