Review

Question 1

chemosynthesis

Answer 1

process where certain fungi/bacteria use energy from chemical nutrients to convert carbon into carbohydrates

Question 2

chemoautotrophs

Answer 2

Organisms that synthesize food through the use of chemical energy

Question 3

chemiosmosis

Answer 3

process where ATP is generated across inner mitochondria membrane and thylakoid membrane of chloroplast

Question 4

photoautotrophs

Answer 4

organism that uses energy from the sun to produce its food

Question 5

stromatolite

Answer 5

fossilized sedimentary structure formed from ancient bacteria

Question 6

eutrophication

Answer 6

when an entire body of water, or parts of it, become progressively enriched with nutrients and minerals

Question 7

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 7

theory that once a species appears in a fossil record that its population will become stable, showing little evolutionary change for the rest of its geographical history

Question 8

homologous structures

Answer 8

structures that are physically similar but have completely different purposes

Question 9

substrate

Answer 9

molecule that enzyme reacts with

Question 10

mitochondrial matrix

Answer 10

space within the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 11

summary equaiton for cellular respiration

Answer 11

C6H12O6 -> CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 12

aeorbic respiration

Answer 12

full cellular respiration with acsess to adequate oxygen

Question 13

anaeorbic respiartion

Answer 13

cellular respiration without oxygen that doesn’t provide nearly as much energy and results in the buildup of lactic acid

Question 14

glycolysis

Answer 14

process where glucose is broken down to produce energy

Question 15

krebs cycle

Answer 15

chain of reactions in mitochondria in which energy is produced

Question 16

where does photosynthesis occur

Answer 16

chloroplasts

Question 17

where does cellular respiration occur

Answer 17

mitochondria

Question 18

light depenant reactons

Answer 18

Pigment within thylakoid membranes absorb light energy that take place in the stroma

Question 19

photosystems

Answer 19

harvest light and convert it to chemical energy

Question 20

vasoconstriciton

Answer 20

muscles around blood vessels tighten to make space inside smaller which reduces blood flow and causes higher blood pressure

Question 21

vasodilation

Answer 21

Widening of blood vessels as a result of the relaxation of surrounding blood vessels which increases blood flow and decreases blood pressure

Question 22

Rh and antibodies

Answer 22

Rh positive does not makeantibodies against Rh and can receive either Rh - or + blood; Rh negative makes antibodies against Rh and can only receive Rh - blood

Question 23

coronary arteries

Answer 23

supply blood to the heart msucle

Question 24

what are the 3 domains of life

Answer 24

eukarya, bacteria, archaea

Question 25

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 25

total energy in a closed system is neither lost nor gained, only transformed

Question 26

2nd law of thermodynamic

Answer 26

during energy transformations some energy is lost as heat

Question 27

whats rf

Answer 27

distance pigment travles/distance solvent travels

Question 28

general photosynthesis equation

Answer 28

CO2 + H2O in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll = C6H12O6 + O2 +H2O

Question 29

anabolism

Answer 29

larger mole ules synthesized from smaller ones

Question 30

catabolism

Answer 30

breakdwon of larger moelcuels into smaller ones

Question 30

overall steps of cellular respiration

Answer 30

glycolysis, pyruvate to acetyl CoA, krebs cycle

Question 31

how many ATP generated when glucose is fully broken down

Answer 31

36

Question 32

whats first phase of photosyntehsis

Answer 32

light dependant reacitons

Question 33

where does calvin cycel occur

Answer 33

chloroplast stroma

Question 34

overall steps of cellular respiration

Answer 34

glycolysis, pyruvate to acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle

Question 35

muscle filaments

Answer 35

three protein filaments of myofibrils that include actin, myosin and titin

Question 36

what does ADH contorl

Answer 36

water regulation

Question 37

whta does aldosterone control

Answer 37

level of salt reabsorption

Question 38

what does renin do

Answer 38

stimulate aldosterone sectetion

Question 39

whats a diuretic

Answer 39

`any substance that increases the volume of urine

Question 40

4 excretory organs

Answer 40

lungs, skin, anus, kidneys

Question 41

immune response steps

Answer 41

foreign cells enter body, t-cells reproduce themselves, t cells chemically notify b cells, b cells reproduce them selves and make antibodies, antibodies destroy foreign cells, t and b cells chemically notified to return to format with some t cells staying as memory cells

Question 42

lymphatic system purpose

Answer 42

drain tissue spaces and coavties of fluid that has leaked out of apillaries and returns it to blood stream

Question 43

blood clotting summary

Answer 43

thromboplastin released form platelyt, breaks open to activate prothrombin which converts to thrombin, in the presence of calcium converts to fibrinogen which converts to fibrin threads that seal puncture with clot