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Clin Med Exam 2 > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

Raynaud’s dz

A

vasospastic

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2
Q

digitalis (pharm)

A

increase intracellular calcium conc

increase contractility

increase heart’s mechanical pumping ability

positive intropic –> increase myocardial contraction force

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3
Q

60 year old man w/ abdominal mass

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

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4
Q

myocardial infarction

A

ischemia leading to necrosis of myocardium

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5
Q

how is there necrosis of myocardium during MI

A

ischemia

lack of blood flood

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6
Q

right sided heart failure

A

right sided ventricular dysfunction secondary to etiher left sided heart failure or pulmonary dz

cor pulmonae

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7
Q

cor pulmonae

A

abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart d/t dz in the lungs or pulmonary blood vessels

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8
Q

RS HF signs

A

edema

jugular vein distension

abdominal pain

right upper quadrant pain

cyanosis

peripheral edema (in LE)

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9
Q

left sided heart failure

A

LV cannot maintain adequate CO to the body

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10
Q

LS HF signs

A

dyspnea

fatigue

muscle weakness

renal changes

Pulmonary edema

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11
Q

arrythmia that is a medical emergency

A

ventricular fibrillation

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12
Q

sudden cardiac death in young male athlete

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

someone is using drugs and develops infective endocarditis, which valve is most likely affected

A

mitral valve

MATP

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14
Q

aortic radialation

A

tunica media composed of smooth muscle

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15
Q

DVT

A

occlusion of a vein by a clot (thrombus) w/ secondary inflammatory reaction in the wall of the vein

trauma to endothelium of the vein wall exposes subendothelial tissues to platelets and clotting factors (thrombosis)

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16
Q

mural thrombosis

A

thrombus attaches to the wall but doesnt occlude the vessel

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17
Q

occlusive thrombosis

A

thrombus attaches to the wall and occludes the vessel

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18
Q

superficial DVT

A

saphenous v

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19
Q

deep DVT

A

femoral or iliac v

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20
Q

DVT is the

A

3rd most common CV dz

most common cause of pulmonary embolism

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21
Q

what is wrong when there is pooling of blood

A

ineffective valves

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22
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormal dilation of veins usually in lE

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23
Q

varicose veins patho

A

valves become incompetent or veins more elastic

veins become engorged w/ stagnant blood

24
Q

angina chronic stable

A

classic

exertional

occurs @ predictable levels of physical and emotional stress

OK AT REST

25
Q

angina diagnosis

A

history supported by sublingual nitroglycerin shortening attacks

26
Q

heart block

A

rhythm arrythmia

disorder of heartbeat caused by an interruption in the passage of impulses through the heart’s electrical system

27
Q

congenital heart disease

A

cyanotic

acyanotic

28
Q

cyanotic CHF

A

defects result from obstruction of blood flow to the lungs or mixing of venous and arterial blood within the chambers of the heart

tetrology of fallot

29
Q

tetrology of fallot

A

pulmonary stenosis

large ventricular septal defect

aortic communication w/ both ventricles

right ventricular hypertrophy

30
Q

barrel chest

A

advances cystic fibrosis

31
Q

2 types of asthma

A

extrinsic

intrinsic

32
Q

extrinsic asthma

A

allergic

result of an allergy to specific triggers

33
Q

intrinsic

A

non-allergic

no known allergic cause or trigger

34
Q

bronchitis types

A

chronic (COPD)

acute

35
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

productive cough lasting for at least 3 months per year for 2 years

36
Q

chronic bronchitis risk factors

A

irritants and smoking

37
Q

patho chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation and scarring of bronchial lining

38
Q

clin man chronic bronchitis

A

persistent cough and sputum production that causes SOB, prolonged expiration, recurrent infection

39
Q

management of chronic bronchitis

A

reducing irritants and combo of bronchodilators

40
Q

acute bronchitis

A

inflammation of trachea and bronchi that is short duration (1-3 weeks)

result from chemical irritation or viral irritation

41
Q

acute bronchitis symptoms

A

upper respiratory infection/cold

when worsens leads to fever, irritating cough, sore throat, laryngitis, chest pain

42
Q

viral acute bronchitis

A

non-productive cough aggravated by cold, dusty air

43
Q

bacterial acute bronchitis

A

retrosternal pain aggravated by cough

44
Q

radio-opaque lobe on CXR

A

lobar pneumonia

45
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of normally expanded and aerated lung tissue at the structural level

46
Q

primary cause of atelectasis

A

obstruction of bronchus serving affected area

air in the alveoli is slowly absorbed into blood stream w/ subsequent collapse of alveoli

47
Q

how else can atelectasis occur

A

interference w/ natural forces that promote lung expansion

direct compression

48
Q

symptoms atelectasis

A

dyspnea, tachypnea, cyanosis, elevation of temp, drop in BP, substernal forces, shock

49
Q

treatment atelectasis

A

re-expansion of lung

chronic cases –> removal of segment/lobe

50
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited disorder of ion transport to exocrine glands

NA and CL

autosomal recessive trait –> mutation on chromosome 7 –> CFTR gene

51
Q

CF patho

A

impermeability of epithelial cells to Cl-

elevation of sweat electrolytes

pancreatic insufficiency

dehydrated and increased viscosity of mucus gland secretions in lungs, pancreas and sweat glands

52
Q

CF presents thick mucus in

A

lungs

pancreas

liver

53
Q

CF clin man

A

excessive appetite

poor weight

salty skin and sweat

bulky stool that floats

54
Q

diagnosis CF

A

sweat test

sodium chloride conc

under 20 –> >60

over 20 –> >80

55
Q

treatment CF

A

protect the airway

bronchodilators and glucocorticoids

56
Q

prognosis CF

A

median age is 38.3 d/y pulmonary complications

Clin Med Exam 2 (9 decks)

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