REVIEW

Question 1

shay’s rebellion

Answer 1

Shays’ Rebellion is the name given to a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt.
SHOWED NEED FOR NATIONAL GOVT

Question 2

great compromise

Answer 2

combined the virginia and new jersey plans
two house (bicameral) legislature
equal representation in congress
population representation in house of representatives

Question 3

elastic clause

Answer 3

article 1, section 8
“implied powers” based on elastic clause
ex: when Hamilton proposed a national bank
not specifically stated but could be argued to be implied

Question 4

full faith & credit clause

Answer 4

article 4, section 1

legal proceedings in one state will be recognized in other states

Question 5

privileges & immunities clause

Answer 5

article 4, section 2

you can’t deny citizens of other states rights in your state

Question 6

compact clause

Answer 6

article 1, section 10

states can cooperate

Question 7

supremacy clause

Answer 7

article 4, section 2

federal govt is superior

Question 8

federalist 10

Answer 8

faction is a disease you can’t cure

Question 9

unitary system

Answer 9

sovereign state governed as a single entity. The central government is supreme, and the administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government has delegated to them.

Question 10

confederal system

Answer 10

A confederacy is a loose relationship among a number of smaller political units. The vast majority of political power rests with the local governments; the central federal government has very little power.

Question 11

federal system

Answer 11

power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units

Question 12

mcculloch v maryland

Answer 12

1819- McCulloch v. Maryland (taxation of national bank)
national bank was an implied power of the federal government
Marshall rules that the state of Maryland couldn’t tax the natl bank
“the power to tax is the power to destroy”
enforces the supremacy clause
the national govt is supreme
implied powers are a thing (in layman’s terms)
federal power doesn’t get used that much except by Henry Clay for a while

Question 13

gibbons v ogden

Answer 13

1824- Gibbons v. Ogden (steamboat operators)
one guy got a monopoly from the state of New York
one state can’t regulate interstate commerce
the federal government can regulate interstate commerce -> healthcare, etc

Question 14

barron v baltimore

Answer 14

limited authority of bill of rights
first amendment only applied to the natl govt, not state power
states can technically restrict freedom of speech

Question 15

dual federalism

Answer 15

1789-1932
federalism described as “dual federalism”
strict separation between the two powers

Question 16

cooperative federalism

Answer 16

1932-present
“cooperative federalism”
greater shared power

1960s cooperative federalism LBJ
Education 
health care
housing
employment
 environment
safety reg
civil rights

Question 17

new federalism

Answer 17

1970s

nixon + the new federalism

Question 18

1936 election polling error

Answer 18

1936 election FDR vs Alf Landon
companies used phone numbers and car registration
was class-biased - wealthier respondents

Question 19

push polling

Answer 19

push polling
not really polling, just negative campaigning
trying to slander other candidates
not to measure opinion, was to shape opinion

Question 20

illusion of saliency

Answer 20

means it’s maybe not as important to people as polls make it seem
polls can’t really measure how strongly people feel about an issue

Question 21

bandwagon effect

Answer 21

the more polls are reported, they aren’t really measuring opinion, but are shaping opinion

Question 22

political socialization

Answer 22

the ways your ideology has been shaped
	induction of individuals into the political culture; process of forming political 	beliefs
Agents of Socialization
	things that shape peoples’ political beliefs
	# 1 factor = family (parents)
	friends
	religion
	region
	education- level, field of study
	occupation- military too
	race
	gender- “gender gap”, marital status
	media
	age
	sexual orientation

Question 23

muckrakers and yellow journalism

Answer 23

write about problems, political corruption, pictures of the slums
show the power of journalism for social change
early 1900s
news can shape what happens

Question 24

separation of powers

Answer 24

idea branches of govt power is divided even in congress and natl vs state

Question 25

enumerated powers

Answer 25

listed powers | expressed powers

Question 26

implied powers

Answer 26

evolved powers | evolve over time

Question 27

reserved powers

Answer 27

powers that are talked about in the 19th amendment | not given to the national govt

Question 28

police power

Answer 28

states have for public safety coercion

Question 29

concurrent powers

Answer 29

powers that both national and state govts have | both can create courts, tax citizens

Question 30

united states v lopez

Answer 30

mid 90s overturned federal gun law turned power back to states courts can overturn national laws and give power back to states= devolution

Question 31

new york times co v us 1971

Answer 31

prior restraint 1971 new york times v. the united states pentagon papers- leak of classified information the government cannot suppress the press before it is published

Question 32

fcc

Answer 32

independent regulatory commissions FCC (federal communications commission) tv and radio broadcasts have broad power and discretion to regulate parts of our society once someone is appointed, they can’t be removed by the president. their terms will expire but not for political reasons

Question 33

initiative, referendum, recall

Answer 33

initiatives voters to propose legislation i.e. legal marijuana/ tax increases can start in “grassroots” where voters organize/ get signatures lately we’ve been worried about an astroturf movement (fake grassroots really run by someone with money/ an agenda) referendums voters to reject or accept laws passed by their legislature basically a voter veto recall allows a voting public to remove an elected official

Question 34

15th amendment

Answer 34

granting African-American men the right to vote

Question 35

19th amendment

Answer 35

guarantees all American women the right to vote

Question 36

24th amendment

Answer 36

prohibiting any poll tax

Question 37

26th amendment

Answer 37

you can vote when you're 18

Question 38

1965 voting rights act

Answer 38

1965 voting rights act: eliminated literacy tests/ restrictions also gave federal government authority to intervene in trouble states

Question 39

fec act

Answer 39

1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act FEC + limits were placed after scandals w nixon individuals $1000 per candidate per cycle now it’s $2500

Question 40

bipartisan campaign reform act

Answer 40

2002 Bipartisan campaign reform act banned soft money also banned ads 60 days before the general election called the mccain-feingold act

Question 41

citizens united v fec

Answer 41

2010 supreme court case Citizens United v. FEC challenged govt authority to limit political spending parts of the McCain-Feingold act were struck down corporations and unions can donate money in unlimited amounts creates Super PAC

Question 42

buckley v valeo

Answer 42

1976 Buckley v. Valeo individuals can spend their own money without limit money in elections = speech if the govt restricts money, are they restricting speech? party money parties can accept unlimited amounts “soft money”

Question 43

inoculation ad

Answer 43

inoculation ad | anticipates an attack, addresses situation from their side

Question 44

iron triangle

Answer 44

iron triangle interest group, congressional committee, and executive department relationship like defense (new artillery or something) bureaucracy, congressmen, and lobbyists BUREAUCRACY, CONGRESSMEN, AND LOBBYISTS

Question 45

congressional budget act

Answer 45

1974 created standing budget committees in both the House and the Senate

Question 46

pork barrel/ earmarks

Answer 46

pork barrel legislation/ “earmarks” a bill, add things to it, they are earmarks like if a bill had a road in Utah, and a bridge in Missouri, and an airport construction project in New Mexico you make deals with your fellow members to get things added

Question 47

war powers act

Answer 47

1973 congress passed the “war powers” act right after the vietnam war passed over the veto of nixon congress must be notified of any military engagements forces must be withdrawn if longer than 60 days

Question 48

logrolling

Answer 48

log rolling- i vote for your bill if you vote for mine strategy vote trading

Question 49

expressed powers

Answer 49

article 2 - powers and duties of the president (express powers because these are in the constitution) oath of affirmation preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the united states commander in chief of all armed forces (army, navy, etc) can grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the US can make treaties if 2/3 of senators PRESENT agree can appoint ambassadors, other officers can grant temporary commissions to fill vacancies in the senate state of the union address recommend measures to take

Question 50

delegated powers

Answer 50

delegated powers: powers given to the president by law | can be taken away

Question 51

executive office of the president

Answer 51

executive office of the president white house, office of management and budget, the president’s council of economic advisers, national security council, office of national drug control policy, us trade representative, council on environmental quality, science and technology policy, policy development, administration, vp

Question 52

white house staff

Answer 52

``` white house staff chief of staff (and deputy) communications director press secretary NOT cabinet they have to be nominated and confirmed by the senate (white house staff doesn’t have to be confirmed at all) PECKING ORDER: PREZ, STAFF, EXEC OFFICE ```

Question 53

omb

Answer 53

OMB- office of management and budget president’s rival to the congressional budget office prepares the budget congress can disagree - negotiations take place

Question 54

bureaucracy

Answer 54

bureaucracies are taking the law and implementing it | the clearer the law, the easier the implementation

Question 55

pendleton act

Answer 55

people can't just get offices, they have to earn it and do stuff

Question 56

independent agencies

Answer 56

NASA is its own thing, not like part of the air force EPA (environmental protection agency) CIA - close to dept of defense but not actually connected SSA (social security agency)

Question 57

independent regulatory commissions

Answer 57

ICC (interstate commerce commission) goal was to regulate interstate commerce 1877 railroads SEC (securities exchange commission) stock market monitors FTC (federal trade commission) FCC (federal communications commission) tv and radio broadcasts have broad power and discretion to regulate parts of our society once someone is appointed, they can’t be removed by the president. their terms will expire but not for political reasons FEC (federal elections commission) is the worst one ever

Question 58

govt corporations

Answer 58

agency that serves a similar function that exists in the private sector the govt provides that service because it can be expensive runs like a corporation like the post office

Question 59

administrative adjudication

Answer 59

rule making they have to administer policy through administrative adjudication every rule of the bureaucracy goes though a process and is published in the federal register about 90,000 pages long they have to give notice then they have to get input from stakeholders they propose rules then they receive more feedback on proposed rules if they agree upon it it’s enacted it takes about a year to 3 years

Question 60

marbury v madison

Answer 60

1803 | exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution

Question 61

stare decisis

Answer 61

stare decisis let the decision stand latin phrase, judges are very conservative by and large they don’t like to be fast and loose with law there’s not a lot of old laws that get overturned let the previous decision stand judges base a lot of their decisions on precedent

Question 62

policy process

Answer 62

recognition, agenda, formulation, adoption, budgeting, implementation, evaluation RAFABIE