review

Question 1

Intrafusal fibers are where and what innervation?

Answer 1

Intrafusal are in parallel with extrafusal fibers I think

They are mixed nerves

Question 2

Muscle tone is maintained by

Answer 2

responding to steady state amount of stretch

Question 3

Intrafusal fibers responds via the gamma motoneuron to modulate

Answer 3

muscle length

Question 4

alpha motoneuron innervates the _____ and lives_____

Answer 4

lives in the ventral horn and modulates tone via intrafusal fibers

Question 5

alpha motoneuron innervates the _____ and lives_____

Answer 5

lives in the ventral horn and modulates tone via intrafusal fibers

Question 6

Stretch reflex has how many synapses?

Answer 6

It’s a monosynaptic reflex

Question 7

inverse stretch reflex is modulated by

Answer 7

The Golgi tendon organs and has an opposite effect of the stretch reflex (decreases muscle contraction)

has to get to a certain threshold

Question 8

Flexion reflex initiated by what stimuli?

Answer 8

Noxious Cutaneous

Question 9

Crossed Extensor reflex can be ___

Answer 9

contralateral

helps maintain balance

Question 10

Following an upper motor neuron injury what is the course of reflexes expected to be seen?

Answer 10

1-2 weeks after= spinal shock and reflexes are hyporeflexive

then hyperreflexia due to loss of descending inhibition of LMN

Question 11

Corticospinal lesion will see increased or decreased tonic stretch reflex?

Answer 11

increased tonic stretch reflex

Question 12

Unconscious proprioception occurs at what level?

Answer 12

spinal cord

Question 13

Clarke’s nucleus is?

Answer 13

Accessory cuneate for arm

Question 14

somatotopy is same in primary motor

Answer 14

homonculus

Question 15

If you are moving from the lonigtudinal fissue to the sylvian fissure within the parietal lobe, what does the somatotopy show

Answer 15

Leg closer to the midline

Then Arm

Then Face

Then pharynx/larynx in that fissure

Question 16

Just sensory CN?

Answer 16

I (olfactory), II (optic), VIII (vestibulocochlear)

Question 17

Just motor CN?

Answer 17

III (oculomotor), IV (Trochlear), VI (Abducens), XI (Spinal accessory), XII (Hypoglossal)

Question 18

Mixed CN?

Answer 18

V, VII, IX, X

Question 19

Abducting the eye (lateral movement) tests what CN

Answer 19

tests the lateral rectus and the Abducens Nerve (CN IV)

Question 20

What does your eye lens need to do to see in the distance?

Answer 20

flatten the lens by

Question 21

Myopia has problem seeing where and a focal point where?

Answer 21

Nearsighted because eye is too long

Focal point would be

need a concave lens

Question 22

what sort of lens do you need to correct for near sighted-ness

Answer 22

convex

Question 23

what is power?

Answer 23

1/focal point= diopters

Question 24

A strong lens has a higher diopter

Answer 24

idk relate this to focal length

Question 25

Snellen eye chart measures

Answer 25

visual ACUITY

Question 26

Dark black dark eosinophilic in between lighter areas

Answer 26

Dark black= retinal pigment layer dark eosinophilic= ganglion in between lighter areas= plexiform layers

Question 27

What receptors on off-center bipolar cells depolarize bipolars?

Answer 27

AMPA/Kainate

Question 28

What receptors on on-center bipolar cells depolarize bipolars?

Answer 28

MGluR6 hyperpolarize bipolars

Question 29

What photoreceptors are helpful at night

Answer 29

Rods: super sensitive to light but poor acuity because many rods synapse on a single bipolar cell

Question 30

What photoreceptors are helpful for visual acuity w/ light and color vision?

Answer 30

Cones few cones synapse on a single bipolar cell

Question 31

what part of the visual field crosses over to the other side via the nasal retinal area?

Answer 31

Temporal visual field

Question 32

lower half of the eye projects to the inferior region on the upper bank of the sulcus. more central part of the visual field is located

Answer 32

More central is more posterior

Question 33

Upper half of the eye are represented where on the sulcus? More central part of visual field is where?

Answer 33

Lower bank of the sulcus more central is further posterior