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Radiographic Physics Exam 1 > Review Chart 1 > Flashcards

Review Chart 1 Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

In what country was the x-ray discovered?

A

Germany

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2
Q

Are x-rays stored in matter?

A

No

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3
Q

Do x-rays have an effect on photographic film?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Do some materials fluoresce when exposed to X-rays?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Does focusing the x-ray allow the patient to be exposed less?

A

No

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6
Q

What do the initials FFD, TFD, and SID refer to?

A

Distance between the source of the x-ray and the film

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7
Q

What is the most commonly used dosimeter?

A

Film badge

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8
Q

Imagine that you are a wee little photon that has sailed through space at a high rate of speed which has carried you into and out of a patient. What would be the next thing you encounter?

A

Grid

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9
Q

What is the number of electrons controlled by?

A

Low voltage circuit

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10
Q

Which effect would a smaller anode angle have compared to a larger angle?

A

It would create a clearer image

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11
Q

What type of wavelength is seen with x-ray?

A

Short wavelength (gamma) (high frequency)

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12
Q

Of the different types of radiation, which is associated with biological effects?

A

Ionizing

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13
Q

What contributes the most radiation to a human’s annual exposure?

A

Radon gas

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14
Q

What is helpful in producing a good quality A-P full spine?

A

Having the anode toward the cervical

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15
Q

Positive beam limitation systems (PBL) would include what?

A

Semiautomatic collimation

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16
Q

In checking your collimator, what percentage is the limit for inaccuracy?

A

2%

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17
Q

What is used to tell us that the x-ray beam is centered to the part being radiographed?

A

The light and mirror

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18
Q

At a set FFD and film size, the less collimation used the _________ the film will be?

A

Darker

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19
Q

From what does the electron cloud form?

A

The filament

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20
Q

If you’ve overexposed a film, what should you have done to get a better film?

A

Used a filter for the part that is overexposed

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21
Q

Federal regulation requires how much filtration for an x-ray machine that operates at 70 kV-100kV?

A

2.5mm

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22
Q

What material is used for the construction of most compensating filters?

A

Aluminum

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23
Q

What part of the tube complex allows one to move the tube stand?

A

Tube track

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24
Q

When is a fetus the most sensitive to radiation?

A

1st trimester

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25
When taking an A-P full spine film of a young female patient, what body parts should you be most concerned with?
Breasts
26
What is the "ten day rule" concerned with?
Don't x-ray patients during a ten day period from the onset of menses
27
If a 13 year old walks into your office because they were told by the school nurse they have scoliosis, why would you x-ray them P-A rather than A-P?
It will decrease breast and gonad exposure
28
If you take a lumbar series on a 7 year old, what does the law about radio sensitivity and metabolic rate prompt you to do?
Put a contact gonad shield on him
29
A dual focus tube has what characteristic that a single focus tube doesn't?
2 filaments
30
Who is credited with the discovery of the x-ray?
WC Roentgen
31
What controls the speed of electrons?
High voltage circuit
32
If you had a film that was too dark, what would solve your problem?
Decrease the mAs
33
What is an advantage of using a small focal spot?
Clearer image
34
Before using a high setting with a tube that has been shut down overnight, it is advisable to do what?
Use a tube warm up procedure
35
The "useful beam" exits which part of the tube?
Window
36
What is the international unit designation for the rad?
Gray (100 rad = 1 gray)
37
The filament is surrounded by what structure?
Focusing cup
38
What part limits the size of the useful x-ray beam?
Collimator
39
What year was the x-ray discovered?
1895
40
What is recommended for full spine film?
Compensating filtration
41
Which part of the tube complex has the main function of removing soft rays?
Tube filters
42
Where is oil normally found in the tube complex?
Between the tube and tube housing
43
kV is the primary controlling factor for what?
Contrast
44
What would be the last thing you should do before pressing the exposure button?
Activate the rotor
45
What is the main purpose of oil in the tube complex?
Aid in cooling the tube
46
What type of anode should you use?
Rotating
47
What is the half value layer (HVL) used for?
Filtration recommendations
48
Before moving the tube stand on the track, what must be accomplished?
Lock must be released
49
About how much reduction of gonad exposure occurs with a PA lumbar film compared to an AP lumbar film?
95%
50
As you are setting up a patient for a full spine, you notice that there is a minus sign on the upper cable attachment on the tube and a plus sign on the lower. What do you think will be the probable outcome of your full spine film?
The cervicals will be too dark and lumbars will be too light
51
You take an x-ray of the thoracic spine and find that all shows up well on your film except fort he upper region which is way too dark. What probably happened?
Didn't filter the upper part
52
What are examples of electromagnetic ionizing radiation?
X-ray and gamma radiation
53
Which type of dose is attributed to the harmful effects from low levels of radiation?
Genetic
54
Is there any logical way that your time spent Davenport would be exposed to alpha particles?
Yes, by breathing Quad City air
55
The large or small focal spot is usually set simultaneously with what?
Milliamperes
56
If you want to increase the number of photons reaching your film, what could you do?
Increase the mA
57
What governs the speed of electrons?
kV
58
Comparing 2 films with the kV and the mAs constant, one taken at 40"FFD and the other at 72"FFD, what would occur?
Increased density of the 40" film | Decreased image size on the 72" film
59
What is responsible for changing AC current to DC current?
Rectifier
60
How would one figure heat units if one was so inclined to do so?
MA x TIME x kVp
61
At the usual kV range that you will be x-raying spines with, what makes up the majority of the beam?
Bremsstrahlung radiation
62
How much of the energy created by an exposure in an x-ray tube is useful for the production of a radiograph?
1%
63
What is the main function of the anode?
Stop the electrons
64
What produces thermionic emission?
Low voltage circuit
65
What is responsible for the anode heel effect?
Bevel of the anode
66
If someone accused you of producing an under-penetrated film, how would you correct the problem?
Increase the kVp
67
The "boiling off" of electrons is known as which term?
Thermionic emission
68
What part of the tube complex allows one to control the size of the useful beam?
The collimator
69
What increases patient exposure to radiation?
Split screens
70
Where is added filtration located?
On the port of the tube housing
71
Which part of the tube complex will you have to unlock and move to set the tube distance for an upright lateral lumbar film?
The tube stand
72
What is NOT required to appear on a legal ID marker?
Age or birth date of the patient
73
What IS required to appear on a legal ID marker?
Patient's name or number, date of exam, doctor or clinic name
74
Federal standards require 2.5mm of aluminum for which kVp range?
70-100
75
What is true about collimating from a 14x17" file to a 8x10" film?
You would increase the tube output
76
1 milisievert = how many mrems?
100
77
If you took a film at 40" then moved the tube to 72" and took the film again, what do you need to do to get the same film density?
Increase the mAs by 3 times
78
What would you expect to receive the highest amount of radiation from an x-ray exposure?
Skin
79
In what form do we encounter radon?
Gas
80
Higher energy photons are present with what?
Higher frequency
81
Radiation hormesis refers to which of the following?
The beneficial effects from exposure to low levels of radiation
82
If you were taking an AP open mouth film for an upper cervical technique, what should you do?
Use selective filtration over the eyes
83
What part of the tube complex contains lead?
Tube housing
84
If you wanted to make a film darker, what step would do it?
Decrease tube distance
85
What is the best way to identify a patient's film?
A flash on label before processing
86
During an x-ray procedure, where would you most likely find a shadow shield?
On the front of the collimator
87
What determines the penetrating power of an X-ray beam?
kV
88
What is the first part of the tube complex that attenuates any part of the beam?
Anode heel

Radiographic Physics Exam 1 (2 decks)

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