Review for final

Question 1

name of vertical plane divding right and left

Answer 1

equally
-median plane
unequal
-saggital plane

Question 2

name of vertical plane divding into anterior and posterior

Answer 2

frontal/coronal plane

Question 3

name of plane divides into superior and inferir

Answer 3

transverse plane

Question 4

name of not vertical plane different from the rrest

Answer 4

oblique plane

Question 5

movement occuring on same side

Answer 5

ipsilateral

Question 6

opposite of opposition

Answer 6

reposition

Question 7

skeleton of bones of head, neck and trunk

Answer 7

axial skeleton

Question 8

skeleton of bones of limbs including shoulder and pelvic girdels

Answer 8

appendicular

Question 9

why are newborns soft and flexible

Answer 9

mostyl composed of cartilage (boens have not yet ossified)

Question 10

2 other names for spongy bones

Answer 10

trabecular of cancellous

Question 11

in what structure of the bones are blood cells and platelets formed

Answer 11

medullary (marrow) cavity

Question 12

qhat is the first layer of bone and what type of tissue

Answer 12

periosteum
-fibrous connective tissue

Question 13

what tissue surrounds cartilage elements of bone

Answer 13

perichondrium
-exluding articular cartilage

Question 14

type of bone - tubular structures (humers, phalanges)

Answer 14

long bones

Question 15

type of bone - cuboidal and where are they only found

Answer 15

short bones
-ankle and wrist

Question 16

type of bone - usually for protective function and give example

Answer 16

flat bones
-cranium bones

Question 17

type of bone - various shapers other than long short or flat give example

Answer 17

irregular bones
-those of the face

Question 18

type of bone - protect tendons from excessive wear and give example

Answer 18

sesamoid bone
-patella

Question 19

the 3 types of joints

Answer 19

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 20

what makes a fibrous joint

Answer 20

articulation of bones united by fibrous tissue

Question 21

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 21

suture
gomphosis
syndesmosis

Question 22

joint that has bones joined by an interossesous ligament of sheet of fibrous tissue and give exaple

Answer 22

fibrous syndesmosis
-joining of middle radius and ulna or middle tibia and fibula

Question 23

joint where fibrous tissue, periodontium anchors tooth to socket

Answer 23

fibrous gomphosis

Question 24

what makes a cartilaginous joint

Answer 24

articulation by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Question 25

type of joint united by hyaline cartilage and give exapmle

Answer 25

primary cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis) -developing long bone, epiphysis and body joint by ephiphysial plate

Question 26

type of joint united by fibrocartilage and give an example

Answer 26

secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis) -intervertebral joint (intervertebral disc)

Question 27

what makes a synovial joint

Answer 27

contains a space that has fluid

Question 28

muscle type - feather like, has 3 diff types

Answer 28

pennate -unipennate -bipennate -multipennate

Question 29

muscle type - spindle shaped

Answer 29

fusiform

Question 30

muscle type - flat muscles witth parallel fibers

Answer 30

parallel muscl

Question 31

muscle type - broad attachement and converge to a single attachment

Answer 31

convergent muscles

Question 32

muscle type - surround body opening

Answer 32

circular muscle

Question 33

muscle type - 2 bellies ina series, sharing common intermediate tendon

Answer 33

digastric muscle

Question 34

automatic and not voluntary reflex

Answer 34

automatic

Question 35

slight contraction, no movement

Answer 35

tonic contraction

Question 36

contraction where no movmenet occurs but tension is above tonic levels

Answer 36

isometric

Question 37

contraction where changes mouscle length to produce movement

Answer 37

isotonic

Question 38

contraction produces movment thart shortens the msucle

Answer 38

concentric

Question 39

contraction produces mvoemnt that lenghtens the muscle

Answer 39

eccentric

Question 40

covering of individual muscle fibers

Answer 40

endomysium

Question 41

group of fibers covered by

Answer 41

perimysium

Question 42

entire muscle covered by

Answer 42

epimysium

Question 43

layers of coverings of spinal cord from superficial to deep

Answer 43

dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater

Question 44

type of nerve matter that contains nerve cell bodies

Answer 44

gray matter

Question 45

type of nerve matter that contains interconnecting fiber tract systems

Answer 45

white matter

Question 46

name the parts of the peripheral nervous sytem and briefly what they do

Answer 46

somatic -voluntary movement autonomic -involuntary 1. sympatheitc (thoracolumbar) -catabolic (fight or flight) 2. parasympatheic (craniosacral) =anabolic -peace

Question 47

name the NORMAL curves of each veterbral section

Answer 47

-cerviccal lordosis -thoracis kyphosis -lumbar lordosis -sacral kyphosis

Question 48

another name of facet joints of vertebrae

Answer 48

zygapophysial

Question 49

when there is excessive inward curvature of vertebrae what is this calles and thsi can be a side effect of what

Answer 49

excessive lordosis -excessive lumbar lordosis from pregnancy

Question 50

when there is excessive outward curvature of spine what is this called

Answer 50

excessive kyphosis

Question 51

when there is curvature on lateral side of spine this is called what

Answer 51

scoliosis

Question 52

how to tell if its a cervical vertebrae

Answer 52

body -small and wide foramen -large and triangular transverse processes -small or absent -anterior and posterior tubercles articular processes -stacked on top of each other and point out striaght spinous processes -short and bifid

Question 53

how to tell if its a thoracic vertebrae

Answer 53

body -heart shaped -facets for ribs foramen -small and circular transverse processes -long -facets for ribs articular processes -stick out laterally spinous processes -long -overlap adjacent bodiesfac

Question 54

name of facet of body of thoracic vertebrae fofr rib

Answer 54

demifacet

Question 55

name of facet on transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae for rib

Answer 55

transverse costal facet

Question 56

how to tell if its a lumbar vertebrae

Answer 56

body -massive -kidney shaped foramen -trangular transverse processes -long and slender spinous processes -short -hatchet shaped

Question 57

name layers of iv disc from superficial to deep

Answer 57

anulus fibrosus nucleus pulposus

Question 58

what happens to iv disc when it is weight bearingq

Answer 58

gets smushed -sticks out on every side

Question 59

what happens to iv disc during lateral flexion

Answer 59

smushes on side its lfexion and extends on opposite side

Question 60

what happens to the nucleus pulpposus as one ages

Answer 60

dehydrates becomes dry and granular and then becomes thinner

Question 61

what happens to the anulus fibrosus with age

Answer 61

thickens -develops cracks and cavities

Question 62

blood flow in anulus fibrosus

Answer 62

avascular

Question 63

between what vertebrae is there no iv disc

Answer 63

c1 and c2

Question 64

laminae of adjacent vertebrae attached b y what

Answer 64

ligament flava

Question 65

adjacent spinous processes are united by what

Answer 65

interspinous ligaments -supraspinous ligaments

Question 66

what ligament merges with the nuchal ligament

Answer 66

supraspinous ligament

Question 67

what movement does the atlantooccipital joint permit

Answer 67

nodding movement - yes

Question 68

what movement does the atlantoaxial joint permit

Answer 68

head to turn side to side - no

Question 69

what type of joint is the atlantoocipital joint

Answer 69

condyloid synovial joint

Question 70

what are the 3 atlantoaxial joints and what tpye of joitns

Answer 70

later and medial atlantoaxial (plane synovial joints) median atlantoaxial (pivot)

Question 71

what regions of the vertebral column are movements freer

Answer 71

cervical and lumbar

Question 72

spinal cord begins as a contrinuation of what

Answer 72

medulla oblaganta

Question 73

what part of spinal cord innervates upper limbs

Answer 73

cervical enlargement

Question 74

what part of spinal cord innervates lower limbs

Answer 74

lumbosacral enlargement

Question 75

what is the space around the spinal cord called

Answer 75

vertebral canal

Question 76

name of the end of the formal spinal cord

Answer 76

conus medullaris

Question 77

horsetail of spinal cord

Answer 77

cauda equina

Question 78

what part of spinal cord acts as shock absorber

Answer 78

epidural fat

Question 79

what type of joint is intervertberal

Answer 79

symphysis

Question 80

what type of joitns are costovertebral and costotransverse

Answer 80

synovial plane

Question 81

what type of joints are sternocostal

Answer 81

1st; synchodosis 2-7; synovial plane

Question 82

sternoclavicular joint type

Answer 82

saddle synovial joint

Question 83

costochondral joint type

Answer 83

synchondrosis

Question 84

interchondral joint type

Answer 84

synovial plane

Question 85

manubriosternal joint type

Answer 85

symphysis

Question 86

xiphisternal joint typre

Answer 86

synchondrosis

Question 87

forced inspiration does what tp rib cage

Answer 87

elevates and widen

Question 88

forced experition does what to rib cage

Answer 88

depresses and comprosess