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Anatomy - 2320 > Lecture final (upper body) > Flashcards

Lecture final (upper body) Flashcards

1
Q

what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate

A

rhombois

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2
Q

what does the long thoracic nerve innervate

A

serratus anterior

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3
Q

what does the suprascapular nerve innervate

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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4
Q

what does the subclavian nerve innervate

A

subclavius

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5
Q

what does the lateral and medial pectoral innervate

A

pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

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6
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

anterior compartement of arm
-coracobraciallis, biceps brachii, and brachialis

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7
Q

what does the median nerve innervate

A

anterior forearm compartement
-excpet for flexor carpi ulnaris, and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

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8
Q

what does the ulnar nerve innertave

A

intrinsic muscles of hand and
-flexor carpi ulnaris
-ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

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9
Q

what does the upper subscapular nerve innervate

A

superior portion of subscapularis

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9
Q

what does the lower suprascapular nerve innervate

A

inferior portion of subscapularis
teres major

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10
Q

what does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate

A

latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

what does the axillary nerve innervate

A

teres minor
deltoid muscles

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12
Q

what does the radial nerve innervate

A

posterior compartements of arm and forearm

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13
Q

the arm extends from where to where

A

shoulders to elbow

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14
Q

what are the 4 types of movement that occur between the arm and the forearm at the elbow joint

A

flexion-extention
pronation-supination

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15
Q

what main movement do the anterior and posterior muscles produce

A

a: flexor
p: extensor

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16
Q

what are the 3 flexors of the arm and what compartement are they found in

A

anterior
-biceps brachii
-brachialis
-coracobrachilias

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17
Q

what is the extensor of the arm and what compartement is it found in

A

triceps brachii
posterior

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18
Q

what broad band passes from the greater tubercle from lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus

A

transverse humerus ligament

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19
Q

where does the transverse humerus ligament pass over what

A

from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus

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20
Q

what does the transverse humerus ligament converts what structure into what other structure

A

the tubercular groove into a canal for the tendon of the long head of the biceps

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21
Q

what is the small triangular muscle on the psoterior aspect of the elbow and what does it cover

A

anconeus
-covers the posterior aspect of the ulna proximally

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22
Q

when the elbow is extended, what is the main movement of the biceps

A

flexion
-when elbow flexion approaches 90 degrees and more power is needed

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22
Q

when is the biceps the most powerful supinator of the forearm

A

when the elbow flexion is near 90 degrees and more power is needed

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23
Q

what type of muscle is the brachialis and where does it lie to the biceps

A

flattened fusiform
-deep

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24
Q

what does a fusiform muscle look like

A

spindle shaped
-wide in middle and tappers near ends

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25
Q

what muscle is the only pure elbow flexor

A

brachialis

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26
Q

what arm muscle is a useful landmark for locating other structures

A

coracobrachialis

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27
Q

what type of muscle is the triceps bracii

A

large fusiform

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28
Q

what muscle is the chief extensor of the elbow

A

triceps brachii

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29
Q

what muscle assists the triceps in extending the elbow

A

anconeus

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30
Q

what muscle may abduct the ulna during pronation

A

anconeus

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31
Q

proximal and distal attachments of the biceps brachii

A

PROXIMAL
short head: coracoid process
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
DISTAL
-tuberosity of radius
-fascia of forearm

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32
Q

what are the 3 actions of the biceps brachii

A
  1. supinates forearm
  2. when supinated, flexes elbow joint
  3. short head resists dislocation of shoulder
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33
Q

proximal and distal attachments of brachialis

A

PROXIMAL
-distal half of anterior surface of humerus
DISTAL
-coronoid process
-tuberosity of ulna

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34
Q

action of brachialis

A

flexes elbow joint in all positions

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35
Q

distal and proximal attachments of coracobrachialis

A

PROXIMAL
-coracoid process
DISTAL
-medial surface of humerus

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36
Q

what are the 3 actions of the coracobrachialis

A
  1. resists shoulder dislocation
    helps
  2. flex shoulder
  3. adduct shoulder
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37
Q

proximal and distal attachments of triceps brachii

A

PROXIMAL
-long head: infraglenoid tubercle
-lateral head: posterior surface of humerus (superior to radial groove)
-medial head: posterior surface of humerus (inferior to radial groove)
DISTAL
-proximal posterior end of olecranon of ulna
-fascia of forearm

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38
Q

what are the 3 actions of the triceps brachii

A
  1. chief extensor of the elbow
  2. long head extends shoulder
  3. resists dislocation of humerus (especially during abduction)
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39
Q

proximal and distal attachments of anconeus

A

PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of humerus
DISTAL
-olecranon
-posterior surface of ulna

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40
Q

what are the 3 actions of the anconeus

A
  1. assists triceps in extending elbow
  2. stabilizes elbow joint
  3. abducts ulna during pronation
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41
Q

what and where is the cubital fossa

A

-shallow triangular depression
-anterior surface of elbow

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42
Q

what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa, superiorly, medially, laterally, floor, and roof

A

superiorly
-imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles
medially
-pronator teres
laterally
-brachioradialis
floor
-brachialis
-supinator
roof
-brachial and antebrachial fascia
-bicipital aponeurosis
-subcutaneous tissue
-skin

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43
Q

superior border of the cubital fossa

A

imaginary line connecting medial and lateral epicondyle of humerus

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44
Q

medial border of cubital fossa

A

pronator teres

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45
Q

lateral border of cubital fossa

A

brachioradialis

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46
Q

floor of cubital fossa

A

brachialis and supinator mucscle

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47
Q

roof of cubital fossa

A

brachial and antebrachial fascia
-bicipital aponeurosis
-subcutaneous tissue
-skin

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48
Q

what are 3 contents in the cubital fossa

A

-biceps brachii tendon
-median nerve
-radial nerve (dividing into superficial and deep branches)

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49
Q

what is the role of forearm movement

A

assist shoudler in application of force and in controlling the placement of the hand in space

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50
Q

what compartement of forearm are flexors and pronators found in and are innvervated mainly by what

A

anterior
median nerve

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51
Q

the extensors and supinators of the forearm are found in what compartment and are all innervated by what

A

posterior
radial nerve

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52
Q

what 4 muscles are all attached proximally by a common flexor tendon to the medial condyle of the humerus, the common flexor origin

A

-pronator teres
-flexor carpi radialis
-palmaris longus
-flexor carpi ulnaris
(superficial layer)

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53
Q

the superficial and intermediate muscles of the forearm all cross what joint

A

elbow joint

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54
Q

proximal and distal attachments of pronator teres

A

PROXIMAL
ulnar head
-coronoid process of ulna
humeral head
-medial epicondyle of humerus
DISTAL
-lateral surface of radius

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55
Q

innvervation of pronator teres

A

medial nerve

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56
Q

what are the 2 actions of the anterior forearm

A
  1. pronates forearm
  2. flexes elbow
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57
Q

proximal and distal attachments of flexor carpi radialis

A

PROXIMAL
-medial epicondyle of humerus
DISTAL
-base of 2nd metacarpal

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58
Q

innervation of flexor carpi radialis

A

median nerve

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59
Q

2 actions of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes and abducts hand

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60
Q

proximal and distal acttachments of palmaris longus

A

PROXIMAL
-medial epicondyle of humerus
DISTAL
-flexor retinaculum
-palmar aponeurosis

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61
Q

innervation of palmaris longus

A

median nerve

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62
Q

2 actions of palmaris longus

A

-flexes hand
-tenses palmar aponeurosis

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63
Q

proximal and distal attchments of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

PROXIMAL
humeral head
-medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head
-olecranon
-posterior border of ulna
DISTAL
-pisiform
-hamate
-5th metacarpal

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64
Q

innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulanr nerve

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65
Q

2 actions of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes and adducts hand

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66
Q

innervation of biceps brachii

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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67
Q

innervation of brachialis

A

musuclocutaneous nerve

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68
Q

innervation of coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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69
Q

innvervation of triceps brachii

A

radial nerve

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70
Q

innvervation of anconeus

A

radial nerve

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71
Q

proximal and distal attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

PROXIMAL
humeroulnar head:
-medial epicondyle of humerus
-coronoid process of ulna
radial head:
-oblique line of radius
DISTAL
-shafts of middle phalanges 2-5

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72
Q

innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

median nerve

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73
Q

what are the 3 actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A
  1. flexes carpometacarpal joints
  2. flexes proximal interphalangeal joints
  3. flexes primal phalanges at metacarpophalngeal joints
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74
Q

proximal and distal attachment of flexor digitorum profundus

A

PROXIMAL
-medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-bases of distal phalanges 2-5

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75
Q

innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

lateral part(digits 2-3): median nerve
median part(4-5): ulnar nerve

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76
Q

what are the 3 actions of flexor digitorum profundus

A
  1. flexes carpometacarpal joints
  2. flexes distal interphalangeal joints 2-5
  3. assist in wrist flexion
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77
Q

proximal and distal attachments of flexor pollicis longus

A

PROXIMAL
-anterior surface of radius
-adjacent interosseous memrbane
DISTAL
-base of distal phalanx of thumb

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78
Q

innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

-anterior interosseous nerve (from median nerve)

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79
Q

attachments of pronator quadratus

A

PROXIMAL
-distal end of the anterior surface of ulna
-distal end of anterior surface of radius

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80
Q

innervation of pronator quadratus

A

anterior interosseous nerve

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81
Q

2 actions of pronator quadratus

A

-pronates forearm
-deep fibers bind radius and ulna togther

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82
Q

what compartement of the forearm are the extensor muscles in and what are they all innervated by

A

posterior
radial nerve

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83
Q

what are the 3 muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist

A

-extensor carpi radialis longus
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extensor capri ulnaris

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84
Q

what 3 muscle extendsat least one digit from digits 2-5

A

-extensor digitorum
-extensor indicis
-extensor digiti minimi

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85
Q

what 3 muscles extend and abuduct or adduct the thumb

A

-extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus

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86
Q

what are the 6 superficial extensor muscles of the forearm

A

-extensor digitorum
-extensor digiti minimi
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extensor carpi ulnaris
-extensor carpi radialis longus
-brachioradialis

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87
Q

the superficial extensor muscles are attached proximally by what tendon and to where. name the muscles that attach to each spot

A

COMMON EXTENSOR TENDON
attach to lateral epicondyle of the humerus
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extensor digitorum
-extensor digiti minimi
-extensor carpi ulnaris
attach to lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent lateral intermuscular septum
-brachioradialis
-extensor carpi radialis longus

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88
Q

what muscles is the “beer drinking” muscle

A

brachioradialis

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89
Q

attachments of the brachioradilias

A

PROXIMAL
-lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
DISTAL
-lateral surface of the distal end of the radius

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90
Q

the distal attachement of the brachioradialis is proximal to what process

A

styloid process of the radius

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91
Q

innervation of the brachioradialis

A

radial nerve

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92
Q

action of the brachioradialis and when is this action maximal

A

weak flexion of the elbow
-maximal when the forearm is in midpronated position

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93
Q

attachment of the extensor carpi radialus longus

A

PROXIMAl
-lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
DISTAL
-dorsal aspect of the base of 2nd metacarpal

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94
Q

innervation of the extensor capri radialis

A

radial

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95
Q

what are the 3 actions of the extensor carpi radilais longus

A

-extends and abducts wrist joint
-extends carpometacarpal joints

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96
Q

attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of the humerus
DISTAL
-dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

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97
Q

innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

radial nerve

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98
Q

4 actions of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

-extends and abducts wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-active during fist clenching

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99
Q

attachments of extensor digitorum

A

PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of the humerus
DISTAL
-extensor expansion of digits 2-5

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100
Q

innervation of extensor digitorum

A

posterior interosseous nerve

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101
Q

what are the 3 actions of the extensor digitorum

A

-extends wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-extends digits 2-5

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102
Q

the extensor digitorum extends the digits 2-5 at what joint

A

primarily: metacarpophalangeal joints
secondarily: interphalangeal

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103
Q

attachments of the extensor digiti minimi

A

PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of the humerus
DISTAL
-extensor expansion of 5th digit

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104
Q

innervation of extensor digiti minimi

A

posterior interosseous nerve

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105
Q

what are the 3 actions of the extensor digiti minimi

A

-extends wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-extends 5ht digit

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106
Q

extensor digiti minimi extends the 5th digit at what joint

A

primarily: metacarpophalangeal
secondarily: interphalangeal

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107
Q

attachments of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of humerus
-posterior border of ulna (via shared aponeurosis)
DISTAL
-dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacaparln

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108
Q

innervation of extensor capri ulnarisq

A

posterior interosseous nerve

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109
Q

what are the 3 actions of the extensor carpi ulnaris

A

-extends and adducts wrist and carpometacarpal joints
-active during fist clenchind

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110
Q

what 2 extensor muscles are active during fist clenching

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis and ulnaris

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111
Q

attachmetns of supinator

A

PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of humerus
-radial collateral ligament
-anular ligament of radius
-supinator fossa
-crest of ulna
DISTAL
-later, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal radius

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112
Q

innervation of supinator

A

radial nerve

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113
Q

2 actions of supinator

A

-supinates arm
-rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)

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114
Q

attachments of abductor pollicis longus

A

PROXIMAL
-posterior surface of proximal ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-base of 1st metacarpal

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115
Q

innervation of abductor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous nerve

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116
Q

what are the 5 actions of the abductor pollicis longus

A

-extends wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-abducts thumb
-extends thumb at carpometacarpal joints

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117
Q

attachment of extensor pollicis longus

A

PROXIMAL
-posterior surface of middle ulna and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

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118
Q

innervation of extensor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous nerve

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119
Q

what are the 3 actions of the extensor pollicis longus

A

-extends wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint

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120
Q

attachments of extensor pollicis brevis

A

PROXIMAL
-posterior surface of distal radius and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-dorsal aspecct of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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121
Q

what are the 3 actions of the extensor pollicis brevis

A

-extends writs
-extends carpometacarpal joitnts
-extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metcarpophalangeal joints

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122
Q

innercation of extensor pollicis brevis

A

posterior interosseous nerve

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123
Q

attachments of extensor indicis

A

PROXIMAL
-posterior surface of distal ulna and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-extensor expansion of 2nd digit

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124
Q

innervation of extensor indicis

A

posterior interosseous nerve

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125
Q

what are the actions of the extensor indicis

A

-extends wrist
-extends 2nd digit

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126
Q

what tendons bound the anatomical snuff box laterally and medially

A

laterlly
-abductor pollicis longus
-extensor pollicis brevis
medially
-extensor pollicis longus

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127
Q

where and when is the anatomical snuff box visibel and how is this caused

A

lateral aspect of wrist when thumb is extended fully
-this draws the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and longus tendons up, producing a concavity between them

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128
Q

what lies on the floor of the anatomical snuff box

A

radial artery

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129
Q

what can be palpated proximally and distally from the anatomical snuff box

A

proximal
-radial styloid process
distal
-base of 1st metacarpal

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130
Q

what can be felt in the floor of the anatomical snuff box and they between what 2 structures

A

-scaphoid and trapezium
-between radial styloid process and 1st metacarpal

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131
Q

how did the lumbricals get this name

A

because of their worm like appearance

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132
Q

what thenar muscle opposes

A

opponens pollicis

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133
Q

what is the main action of the 4 dorsal interossei

A

abduct the digits 2-5 at the metacarpophalangeal joints

134
Q

what is the main action of the 3 palmar interossei

A

adduct digits 2, 4, 5 at the metcarpophalangeal joints

135
Q

acting together, the interossei muscles of the hand do what and why does this occur

A

flexion at the metcarpophalangeal joints and extension of ht einterphalangeal joints
-their attachment to the lateral bands of the extensor expansions

136
Q

attachments of opponens pollicis

A

PROXIMAL
-flexor retinaculum
-tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
DISTAL
-lateral side of 1st metacarpal

137
Q

innervation of opponens pollicis

A

median nerveq

138
Q

action of opponens pollicis

A

oppose thumv

139
Q

attahcments of adbudcot pollicis brevis

A

PROXIMAL
-flexor retinaculum
-tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
DISTAL
-lateral side of base of proximal phalanx

140
Q

innervation of abductor pollicis brevis

A

medial nerve

141
Q

action of abductor pollicis brevis

A

abducts thumb
-helps to opose it

142
Q

attahcment of flexor pollicis brevis

A

PROXIMAL
-flexor retinaculum
-tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
DISTAL
-lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

143
Q

innervation of flexor pollicis brevis

A

median nerve

144
Q

action of flexor pollicis brevis

A

flexes thumb

145
Q

attachents of adductor pollicis

A

PROXIMAL
oblqique head
-bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
-capitate
transverse head
-anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
DISTAL
-medial side of base proximal phalanx of thumbq

146
Q

innervation of adductor pollicis

A

oblique head: medial nerve
transverse head: ulnar nerve

147
Q

action of adductor pollicis

A

adduct thumb

148
Q

attachment of abductor digiti minimi

A

PROXIMAL
-pisiform
DISTAL
-medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

149
Q

innervation of abductor digiti minimi

A

ulnar

150
Q

2 actions of abductor digit minimi

A

-abducts 5th digit
-assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx

151
Q

attachments of flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

PROXIMAl
-hook of hamate
-flexor retinaculum
DISTAL
-medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

152
Q

innervation of flexor digiti minimi

A

ulnar nerve

153
Q

action of flexor digiti minimi

A

flexes proximal phalanx of 5th finger

154
Q

attachments of OPPONENS digiti minimi

A

PROXIMAL
-hook of hamate
-flexor retinaculum
DISTAL
-medial border of 5th metacarpal

155
Q

innervation of opponens digiti minimi

A

ulnar nerve

156
Q

action of opponens digiti minimi

A

opposes 5th finger

157
Q

attachment of lumbricals 1 and 2

A

PROXIMAL
-lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
DISTAL
-lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5`

158
Q

muscle shape of lumbricals 1 and 2

A

unipennate

159
Q

innervation of lumbricals 1 and 2

A

medial nerve

160
Q

attachment of lumbricals 3 and 4

A

PROXIMAL
-medial 3 tendons of extensor digitorum profundus
DISTAL
-lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5

161
Q

innervation of lumbricals 3 and 4

A

ulnar nerve

162
Q

attachemnt of dorsl interossei

A

PROXIMAL
-adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals
DISTAL
-bases of proximal phalanges
-extensor expansions of digits 2-5

163
Q

innervation of dorsal interossei

A

ulnar nerve

164
Q

2 actions of lumbricals

A

-flex metacarpophalangeal joints
-extrend interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

165
Q

attachement of palmar interossei

A

PROXIMAL
-palmar surfaces of digits 2, 4, and 5
DISTAL
-bases of proximal phalanges
-extensor expansions of digits 2, 4, and 5in

166
Q

innervation of palmar interossei

A

ulnar nerve

167
Q

muscle shape of dorsal interossei

A

bipennate

168
Q

muscle shape of palmar interossei

A

unipennte

169
Q

what is the ulnar nerve reffered to as and why

A

nerve of fine movements
-it innervates muscles that are concerned with intricate hand movementrs

170
Q

what type of joint is the wrist

A

condyloid synovial joint

171
Q

where are the articulations of the radiocarpal joitn

A

distal end of radius adn articular disc with proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiofrm)

172
Q

what does the fibrous layer of the radiocarpals joitn capsule do

A

-surrounds joint
-attaches to distal ends of radius, ulna and proximal row of carpal bones

173
Q

synovial joints are internally lined by what

A

synovial memrbane

174
Q

5 movements of radiocarpal joint

A

flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
circumduction

175
Q

what type of joint are the carpal joitns

A

plane synovial joint

176
Q

what are the 4 different articulations of carpal joints

A

-between proximal row
-bertween distal row
-midacarpal: netween proximal and distal rows
-pisiform: between pisiform and triquetrum

177
Q

what does the firbous layer of the carpal joints do

A

surrounds the joints

178
Q

what ligaments of the hand strengthen the radiocarpal joint

A

anterior and psoterior ligaments

179
Q

in the wrist joint, what ligament attaches to the styloid procces of ulna and triquetrum

A

ulnar collateral ligament

180
Q

in the wrist joint, what ligament attaches to the sstyloid process of the radius and scaphoid

A

radial collaterla ligament

181
Q

in the intercarpal joints, what ligaments unite the carpal boens

A

posterior, anterior and interosseous ligaments of the hand

182
Q

what are the 3 actions allowed at the intercarapal joints

A

-samall amount of gliding movement
-flexion and abduction of hand at midcarpal joints

183
Q

what type of joint are the carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints

A

plane synovial joint
-except for CMC of 1st digit (sadle-shaped synovial joint)

184
Q

what are the articulations of the carpometacarpal joints

A

-carpals and metacarpals with each other
-joint of thumb between trapezium and base of 1st metacarpal

185
Q

what does the firbous layer do in carpometacarpal joints

A

surrounds the joint

186
Q

in carpometacarpal, the bones are united by what ligaments of the hand

A

posterior, anterior, and interosseous

187
Q

what are the 4 movements permitted at the CMC joint of the 1st digit

A

flexion
extension
adduction
abduction

188
Q

what movement is permitted at the 2nd and 3rd digit at the CMC joint

A

almost no movment

189
Q

what movement is permitted at the CMC joint of the 4th digit

A

slightly mobile

190
Q

what movement is permitted at the CMC joint fo the 5th digit

A

very mobile

191
Q

what 2 structures limit flexion of the wrist and carpal joints

A

-posterior radiaocarpal ligament
-posterior part of joint capsule

192
Q

what 3 structures limit extension of the wrist and carpal joints

A

-anterior radiocarpal ligament
-anterior part of joint capsule
-bony apposition between radius and carpal bones

193
Q

what 3 structures limit abduction at the wrist and carpal joints

A

-ulnar collateral ligament
-medial part of joint capsule
-bony appostion between styloid process of radisu and scaphoidt

194
Q

what 2 structures limit adduction of the wrist and carpal joints

A

-radial collateral ligament
-lateral aprt of joint capsule

195
Q

what structure is found between the distal radioulnar joint and wrist joint

A

an articular disc

196
Q

what is the name of the joint between the pisisfor and triquetrum

A

pisotriquetral joint

197
Q

what type of jion are metacarpophalangeal joints

A

condyloid synovial joints

197
Q

what are the articulations of metacarpophalangeal joints

A

heads of metacarpals with base of proximal phalanges

197
Q

in metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal jionts, what ligament is attached to to each individual joint

A

strong palmar ligaments

198
Q

in metacarpophalangeal joins what does the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments do

A

unite joints MCP joints of digits 2-5 by holding heads of metacaprlas togehterq

199
Q

what are 5 actions of the metacarpophalangeal joints at digits 2-5

A

extension
flexion
adduction
abduction
circumduction

200
Q

what are the 4 actions at the metacarpal joint of the first digit

A

flexion
extension
adduction and abduction is limitied

201
Q

what type of joint are interphalangeal joints

A

hinge synovial joint

202
Q

what are teh articulations of interphalangeal joints

A

heads of phalangrs with bases of more distally located phalanges

203
Q

in metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, what does the firbous layer of the joint capsule do

A

encloses each joint

204
Q

what are the 2 actions at interphalangeal joitns

A

flexion and extension

205
Q

what is dr passmores favourite bone

A

hyoid bone

206
Q

what bone helps to keep airway open and name its other function

A

hyoid bone
-anterior neck muscle attachement

207
Q

what does the hyoid bone articulate with

A

no other bone or jointt
-stylohyoid ligament attaches it to the mandible and inferior it is attached to thyroid cartilage

208
Q

what structure connects the horns of the hyoid bone

A

fibrocartilage

209
Q

proximal attachement of the platysma

A

-inferior border of mandible
-skin
-subcutaneous tissues of lower faceal

210
Q

distal attachemnt sof platysma

A

-fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

211
Q

innervation of platysma

A

cervical branch of facial nerve
-CN VII

212
Q

what are the 2 actions of platysma

A

-draws corner of mouth inferiorly and widens it (expressions of sadness and fright)
-draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched (indicating tension)

213
Q

proximal attachment of sternocleidomastoid

A

-lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone
-lateral half of superior nuchal line

214
Q

distal attachement of sternocleidomastoid

A

sternal head
-anterior surface of manubrium
clavicular head
-superior surface of medial third of clavicle

215
Q

innervation of sternocleidomastoid

A

spinal accessory nerve
-CN XI

216
Q

action of uniilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid

A

-tilts head to same side (laterally flexes neck)
-rotates head so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side

217
Q

action of bilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid

A

-extends neck at atlantooccipital joints
-flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium
-extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level

218
Q

does the spinal accesory nerve pass deep or superficially to the sternocleidomastoid

A

deep

219
Q

what muscle is often removed in skin disection

A

platysma

220
Q

what is the frowning muscle

A

platysma

221
Q

attachments of longus colli

A

PROXIMAL
-anterior tubercles of C1
-bodies of C1-C3
-TP of C3-C6
DISTAL
-bodies of C5-T3
-TP of C3-C5

222
Q

innervation of longus colli

A

anterior rami of C2-C6

223
Q

main action of longus colli

A

-flexes neck (anter or lateral bending of cervical vertebrae C2-C7)

224
Q

muscle with the proximal attachemnt of the basilar part of occipatal bone

A

longus capitis

225
Q

msucle with distal attachment of anterior tubervles of C3-c6 transverse processes

A

longus capitisner

226
Q

innervation of longus capitis

A

anterior rami fo C1-C3

227
Q

main action of longus capitis

A

flexion of head on neack

228
Q

attachments of rectus capitis anterior

A

PROXIMAL
-base of cranium (just anterior to occipital condyle)
DISTAL
-anterior surface of atlas

229
Q

innervation of rectus capitis anterior

A

branches from loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves

230
Q

actions of rectus capitis anterior

A

flexes head on neck (anterior or lateral bending)

231
Q

attachments of anterior scalene

A

PROXIMAL
-anterior tubecles of TP of c3-c6
DISTAL
-1st rib

232
Q

innervation of anterior scalene

A

cervical spinal nerves c4-c6

233
Q

3 actions of anterior scalene

A

-forced inspiration
-elevates 1st rib
-laterllay flexes head

234
Q

what passes through the mental foramen of the mandible

A

nerves

235
Q

vomer rhymes with what famous cartoon character

A

homer simpson

236
Q

what is the name of the tip of the bony part of chin

A

mental protuberance

237
Q

what bony part of the skull hurts when you push on it

A

styloid process of temporal bone

238
Q

whats the name of the junction between the coronoal and saggital suture

A

bregma

239
Q

whats the name of the junction between the sagittal and labdoid suture

A

lambda

240
Q

what articulates with the mandibular fossa

A

head of mandible

241
Q

what travels through the jugular foramen of the skull

A

blood vessels

242
Q

what part of the skull articulates with C1 and creates the atlantoocciptal joint

A

occipital condyle

243
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum

A

spinal cord

244
Q

what bony process do yoju feel when put tongue behind teeth

A

palatine process of maxilla

245
Q

the pointy part of the inferior view of hte sphoind bone is called what

A

pterygoid process

246
Q

in the superior view internal surface of the greater base, the shpenoid bone is split into what 2 parts

A

-greater wing
-lesser wing

247
Q

the ear whole on the inside of the skull is called what

A

internal acoustic meatus

248
Q

what part of the internal skull holds the cerebellum

A

cerebellar fossa

249
Q

what is the purpose of the orbits

A

contain and protect the eyeballs and their muscles, nerves and vessels

250
Q

all space in the orbits not occupied by structure is willed with what

A

orbital fat

251
Q

what are the 2 opening in the skull in the back of the eye called

A

superior orbitual fissure
inferior orbital fissure

252
Q

how to tell if the orbit is right or left

A

lacrimal bone will always be on the medial side

253
Q

what anterior medial bone is not in the orbit

A

nasal bone

254
Q

proximal (origin) attachement of superior oblique

A

body of sphenoid

255
Q

distal attachemnet of superior oblique

A

tendon passes through tochlea to insert into slcerain

256
Q

innervation of superior obliqeu

A

trochlear nerve
-CN IV

257
Q

what are the 3 actions of the superior oblique

A

-intorsion
-depression (primarily in adducted position)
-abduction
of eyelball

258
Q

proximal attachement of inerior oblique

A

anterior part of floor of orbit

259
Q

ditsal attachment of inferior oblique

A

sclera deep to rectus miuscles

260
Q

3 actions of inferior oblique

A

-extorsion
-elevation (primarily in adducted position)
-abduction
of eyeball

261
Q

innervation of inferior oblique

A

oculomotor nerve
-CN III

262
Q

what are the 4 rectus muscles of the eye

A

superior, inferior, medial, and lateral rectus

263
Q

proximal attachemnet of the eyeball rectus muscles

A

common tendinous ring

264
Q

distal attachmnet of the rectus eyeball muscles

A

sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction

265
Q

innervation of superior rectus

A

oculomotor enrve
-CN III

266
Q

innervation of inferior rectus

A

oculomotor nerve
-CN III

267
Q

innervatino of medial rectus

A

oculomotor nerve
-CN III

268
Q

innervation of lateral rectus

A

abducent nerve
-CN V1

269
Q

what cranial nerve moves eyebal laterally/abduction

A

abducent nerve
-CN V1

270
Q

what is the sclera

A

white part of eyeball

271
Q

3 actions of superior rectus

A

-elevation
-adduction
-intorsion
of eyeball

272
Q

3 actions of inferior rectus

A

-depression
-adduction
-extorsion
of eyeball

273
Q

action of medial rectus

A

adduction of eyeball

274
Q

action of laterla rectus

A

abduction of eyeball

275
Q

what are teh 3 cranical nerves that move th eeyball

A

-trochlear nerve (CN IV)
-oculomotor nerve (CN III)
-abducent nerve (CNVI)

276
Q

the obliqeu muscles of the eye lie where to the rectus muscles

A

deep

277
Q

what is extorsion of th eyeball

A

external rotation

277
Q

what is intorsion of the eyball

A

internal rotation

278
Q

temporalis attachment

A

PROXIMAL
-broach attachment to floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fascia
DISTAL
-narrow attachment to tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible

279
Q

temproalis innervation

A

anterior trunk of mandibular nerve
-cn v
-via deep temporal nerve

280
Q

what are the 2 actions fo the temporalis

A

-elevated mandible, which closes jaw
-retract mandible (posterior, more horizontal fibers)

281
Q

attachment of masseter

A

PROXIMAL
-inferior border and medial surface of maxillary process of sygomatic bone and zygomatic arch
DISTAL
-angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible

282
Q

innervation o fmasseter

A

anterior trunk of mandibular nerve - CN V
-via masseteric nreve

283
Q

2 actions of masster

A

-elevates mandible
-limited protrusion of mandible (superficial fibers)

284
Q

attachment of lateral pterygoid

A

PROXIMAL
-infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid
-lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
DISTAL
superior head
-joint capsule and articular disc of temporomandibular joint
inferior head
-pterygoid fovea on anteromedial aspect of neck of condyloid process of mandible

285
Q

innervation of lateral pterygoid

A

anterior trunk of mandibular nerve CN V
-via nerve to lateral pterygoid

286
Q

2 actions of lateral pterygoid when acting bilarterally

A

-protracts mandible
-depresses chin

287
Q

2 unilateral actions of lateral pterygoid

A

-swings jaw toward contralateral side
-alternate unilateral contractions produces larger lateral chewing movements

288
Q

attachements of medial pterygoid

A

PROXIMAL
-medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and palatine bone
-tuberosity of maxilla
DISTAL
-medial surface of ramus, inferior to mandibular foramen

289
Q

what muscle is a mirror image of the ipsilateral masster

A

medial pterygoid

290
Q

innervation of medial pterygoid

A

anterior trunk of mandibular nerve CN V
-via nerve to medial pterygoid

291
Q

3 actions of the medial pterygoid

A

-acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible
-contributes ot protrusion
-alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements

292
Q

what 2 muscles of the head contribute to chewing

A

lateral and medial pterygoid

293
Q

what head muscles is triangular

A

temproalise

294
Q

what head muscle is quadrate

A

masseter

295
Q

triangular 2 headed what head muscle

A

lateral pterygoid

296
Q

what head muscle is quadrangular 2 headed

A

medial pterygoid

297
Q

what temporomandibular muscles elevate

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid

298
Q

what temporomandibular muscles depress

A

lateral pterygoid
suprahyoid and infrahyoid

299
Q

what temporomandibular muscles protrusion

A

lateral pterygoid
masseter
medial pterygoid

300
Q

what temporomandibular muscles retrusion

A

temporalis (poterior oblique nad near horizontal fibers)
masseter

301
Q

what temporomandibular muscles lateral movements

A

temporalis of same side
pterygoid of opposite side
masseter

302
Q

name the 3 audiory ossicles in order from lateral to medialand shapes they look lik

A

malleus (hammer)
incus (anvil)
stapes (stirrups)

303
Q

whats the name of the outer skin of the ear

A

auricle

304
Q

what 2 nerves are found in the ear, attached to cochlea from lateral to medial

A

Vestibular nerve
Cochlear nerve
both CN VII

305
Q

what part of the ear is where you can feel puff of air

A

pharyngotympanic tube

306
Q

what is the external and middle part of the ear concerned with

A

transference of sound to the internal eear

307
Q

what does the internal ear contain

A

organ for equilibrium as well as for hearing

308
Q

what seperates the external ear from tehe middle ear

A

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

309
Q

what structure joins the middle ear to the nasopharynx

A

pharyngotympanic tube

310
Q
A
311
Q

what are the 12 cranical nerves

A

HINT: oh oh oh to touch and feel a girls vagina, ah heavna
-olfactory
-optic
-oculomotor
-trochlear
-trigeminal
-abducens
-facial
-vestibulcochlear
-glossopharynx
-vagus
-accessory
-hypoglossal

312
Q

name the basic cranial nerve functions of each

A

HINT: some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most
-olfactory -s
-optic - s
-oculomotor - m
trochlear - M
trigeminal - b
abducens - m
facial - b
vestibulcochlear - s
glossopharyngeal - b
vagus - b
accessory - 11
hypoglossal - m

313
Q

what does the trochlear nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN IV
motor
-superior oblique muscle of eye

314
Q

what does the abducent nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN VI
motor
-lateral rectus of eye

315
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN V
motor
-muscles of mastication
sensory
-face, sinuses, teeth

316
Q

what does thhypoglossal nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN XII
motor
-all instrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tognue
-excluding palatoglossus ( a palatine muscle)

317
Q

what does the spinal accessory nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN XI
motor
-sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

318
Q

what does the vagus nerve innervate from its motor root and what number

A

CN X
-palate
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchial tree
-heart
-GI tract to left flexure

319
Q

what does the vagus nerve innervate from its sensory root and what number

A

CN X
-pharynx
-larynx
-reflex sensroy from tracheobronchial tree, lungs, heart, GI tract to left colic flexure

320
Q

what does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate form its motor root and what number

A

CN IX
-stylopharyngeus muscke
-parotid gland

321
Q

what does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate from sensory root and what number

A

CN IX
-taste: posterior third of tongue
-general sensation: pharynx, tonsillar sinus, pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear cavity

322
Q

what does the vestibulocochlear nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN VIII
vestibular - sensory
-detects change in orientation and motion
cochlear - sensory
-hearing

323
Q

what happens if the cochlear nerve is damaged

A

problems with hearing

324
Q

what does the facial intermediate nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN VII
motor
-submandibular
-sublingual
-lacrimal glands
sensory
-taste to anterior 2 thirds of tongue, soft palate

325
Q

what does the facial primary root nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN VII
motor
-muscles of facial expression

326
Q

what cranial nerve innervates muscles for facial expression

A

facial nerve CN VII
primary root

327
Q

what does the olfactory nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN I
sensory
-smell

328
Q

what does the optic nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN II
sensory
-vision

329
Q

what does the oculomotor nerve innervate, function and what number

A

CN III
motor
-cillary muscles
-sphincter pupillae
-all extrinsic muscles of eye (except for lateral rectus and superior oblique)

330
Q

are the cranial nerves part of the central nervous system

A

no they are part of the peripheral system

331
Q

how can you test if your hypoglossal nerve is intact

A

poke tongue to cheek
-cause innervates muscles of tongue

332
Q

how can you check if spinal accesory nerve is intact

A

shrug shoulders
-cause innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapzeius muscles

Anatomy - 2320 (2 decks)

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