review for lab quiz

Question 1

cells in buccal cavity

Answer 1

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

what are the 3 pairs of salivary glands

Answer 2

parotid (sinus)

submandibular

sublingual (serous and mucous)

Question 3

salivary glands produce

Answer 3

saliva

Question 4

substances in saliva

Answer 4

1) serous secretion that contains enzyme ptyalin

2) mucous secretion that contains mucin for lubrication and for surface protection

Question 5

ptyaline function

Answer 5

1st enzyme in GI tract

converts cooked starch into maltose

Question 6

mucous function

Answer 6

contains mucin for lubrication and for surface protection

Question 7

lysozyme function

Answer 7

protection against bacteria due to this enzyme

Question 8

esophagus- peristalsis

Answer 8

esophagus bolus is pushed forward by this involuntary muscular action

Question 9

layers in esophageal wall

Answer 9

1. innermost mucosa
   stratified epithelial cells
   lamina propria: areloar
   connnective tissue
   ex. blood vessels,
   nerves, etc.
2. submucosa
   secrete lubricant
   mucus
3. muscularis externa
   an outer longitudinal
   layer and an inner
   circular layer
   contains smooth
   muscles
4. adventitia (serosa)
   outer coat of
   connective tissue,
   blends with trachea

Question 10

double sheet tissue that holds organs in position

Answer 10

mesenteries

Question 11

cardiac sphincter

Answer 11

found at juncture of the esophagus and stomach

relaxes and allows the bolus to pass in to stomach

Question 12

gastric glands function

Answer 12

secrete gastric juice which contains enzymes for digestion

Question 13

substances in gastric juice

Answer 13

pepsinogen

hydrochloric acid

intrinsic factor

Question 14

function of intrinsic factor

Answer 14

binds with vitamin B12

helps in absorption

Question 15

G cells —>

Answer 15

responsible for growth of gastric glands

production of gastric juice

Question 16

pancreatic juice substances contains what 3 enzymes

Answer 16

amylopsin
trypsinogen
steapsin

Question 17

pyloric spincter valve

Answer 17

found at the juncture of stomach and small intestine opens and chyme squirts in to the small intestine

Question 18

ileocecal valve

Answer 18

a sphincter that controls flow of material from the ileum in to the cecum of the large intestine

Question 19

chyme in stomach function

Answer 19

thick semi-fluid of partially digested foods and digestive secretions that forms in the stomach and intestine during digestion

muscle contraction of the stomach walls help mix food and disgestive substances together, forming chyme

Question 20

bile function

Answer 20

stored in gall bladder
ions and water are secreted in to bile by epithelial cells lining the bile ducts
is alkaline
joining with pacreatic duct and join together to enter into duodenum as a single duct

Question 21

brunner’s glands function

Answer 21

duodenum: secrete a thick alkaline mucus to protect this region from gastric acid

Question 22

Hydrochloric acid activates

Answer 22

pepsinogen into pepsin

Question 23

structure of tooth

Answer 23

pulp cavity with pulp: central portion

apical foramen: receives blood vessels and nerves through the root canal in the root through the opening

dentine: surrounding the pulp, bulk of tooth

crown: part of tooth exposed in the mouth cavity

root: the part embedded in the jaw bone

tooth socket or alveolus: embedded in the bony socket it is fixed to the jaw by cement

neck of the tooth: junction between the crown and root

gingival sulcus: shallow groove that surrounds the neck of the tooth

enamel: crown of the tooth is covered by the hardest substance

gingivitis: swollen gums at the base of teeth

Question 24

enamel function

Answer 24

crown of tooth is covered by the hardest substance

protective barrier against harmful bacteria and acid that can attack the teeth

Question 25

layers of digestive tract

Answer 25

1. mucosa inner lining consists of: epithelium: simple or stratified lamina propria:layer of aerolar tissue that contains: blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, scattered areas of lymphatic tissue 2. submucosa layer of dense irregular connective tissue has large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels may contain exocrine glands: secrete buffers and enzymes 3. muscularis externa dominated by smooth muscles are arranged in inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer 4. serosa covers muscularis externa adventitia: a dense sheath of collagen fibers, firmly attaches the digestive tract to adjacent structures

Question 26

layers of stomach

Answer 26

1. inner mucosa layer made up of columnar epithelium, which produces mucus 2. muscularis: muscular wall of stomach consists of 3 smooth muscle coats an outer longitudinal a middle circular an inner oblique

Question 27

digestion starts in mouth due to

Answer 27

ptyalin

Question 28

peristalsis function

Answer 28

a nerve plexus is a network of intersecting nerves which work together as one large grouped nerve the involuntary muscular action moves a bolus along the length of the digestive tract

Question 29

meissners plexus

Question 30

steapsis

Question 31

protein digestion steps

Question 32

cells produce emulopsin

Answer 32

acinar cells

Question 33

blockage in bile duct

Question 34

blockage in pancreatic duct

Question 35

functional unit in liver

Question 36

hepatic portal vein

Question 37

2 movements in GI tract difference

Question 38

oropharynx

Question 39

lacteal