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digestive system > study guide > Flashcards

study guide Flashcards

1
Q

components of the portal triad found at the edges of a liver lobule

A

branch of hepatic artery
bile duct
hepatic portal vein

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2
Q

what are the enzymes secreted by the pancreas

A

amylopsin
steapsin
trypsinogen

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3
Q

which structure prevents food from entering the pharynx

A

uvala

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4
Q

what is the basic functional unit of the liver

A

liver lobules

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5
Q

what is emulsiication

A

splitting of fats in to tiny negatively charged globules

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6
Q

what mesentery holds the first part of the small intestine

A

mesentery proper

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7
Q

functions of stomach

A

storage of ingested food
initiation of protein digestion
production of HCl to destroy bacteria

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8
Q

function of intrinsic factor in the gastric factor

A

binding of vitamin B12

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9
Q

which cells produce the enzyme trypsinogen

A

acinar cells

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10
Q

function of chief cells of the stomach

A

production of pepsinogen

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11
Q

which enzyme in saliva helps to protect against bacterial infection in the mouth

A

lysozyme

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12
Q

cooked starch is digested in the mouth and concerted to maltose. which enzyme is responsible for this?

A

ptyalin

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13
Q

what are the characteristics of enzymes

A

protein in nature
sensitive to pH
sensitive to temp
work best at body temo
optimum temp
specific: each enzyme can act only on a particular substrate

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14
Q

which valve is found at the junction between esophagus and stomach

A

cardiac

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15
Q

what are the substances that enter the anterior part of the duodenum

A

chyme
bile
pancreatic juice

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16
Q

which enzyme in the intestinal juice completes protein digestion

A

erepsin

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17
Q

which cells secrete the hormone gastrin

A

G cells

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18
Q

what are the changes that happen during the pharyngeal phase of deglutition

A

uvula and soft palate block the passage back to the nasopharynx

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19
Q

what is the function of parietal cells

A

production of HCl and intrinsic factor

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20
Q

in which layer of the gastro intestinal tract large blood vessels and lymphatics are found

A

submucosa

21
Q

which digestive digestive juice contains enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

A

pancreatic juice

22
Q

what are the salivary glands

A

a pair of parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands (3 pairs)

23
Q

which enzyme is activated by enterokinase? which gland produces it?

A

trypsingoen by pancreas

24
Q

the secretion of which gland protect the duodenum from gastric acid

A

brunner’s gland

25
Q

which substance activated pepsingen

A

hydrochloric acid

26
Q

put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer

A

mucous epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

27
Q

which of the following enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine

A

the circular folds
the villi and microvilli
highly vascularized
inner endothelial lining of a single layer of cells

28
Q

which of the following is caused due to an obstruction of the common bile duct

A

undigested fat in the feces

29
Q

what is heartburn

A

it is due to regurgitation of gastric acid
major sympton of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
it’s pain may radiate to neck, throat, or angle of the jaw

30
Q

which cells are found in the mucus lining of the buccal cavity

A

stratified squamous epithelium

31
Q

functions of HCl

A

HCl activtes pepsinogen
HCl kills bacteria in the stomach
HCl provides acidic medium for pepsin

32
Q

where is bile stored

A

gallbladder

33
Q

where does carbohydrate digestion begin in the gastrointestinal tract

A

mouth

34
Q

what is responsible for controlling peristaluc movements in the gastrointestinal tract

A

auerbach’s plexus

35
Q

a disease that attacks and disables the auerbach’s plexus

A

decrease intestinal motility

36
Q

which is both an exocrine and endocrine gland

A

pancreas

37
Q

what refers to the waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract

A

peristalis

38
Q

what are the double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels

A

mesenteries

39
Q

what is the hardest substance in our body

A

enamel

40
Q

tongue function

A

sensitive to taste
helps in speech
helps in swalloing food

41
Q

what is the greater omentum

A

a messentery sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

42
Q

what is the bulk of each tooth of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone

A

dentin

43
Q

to which layer of the stomach, the lamina propria, and mucous epithelium belong

A

mucosa

44
Q

what is NOT true of segmentation

A

it is myogenic

45
Q

what is gingivitis

A

swollen gums at the base of teeth, red, and soft

46
Q

which part of the brain and the cranial nerves control deglutition

A

medullla oblongata
glossopharyngeal (CN IX) nerve
vagus (CN X) nerve

47
Q

what are the products of digestion of fats

A

fatty acids and glycerol

48
Q

what are the changes that happen during the buccal phase of deglutition

A

the bolus compresses the hard palate
soft palate will be elevated
nasopharynx will be sealed
bolus is moved to the pharynx

digestive system (3 decks)

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