study guide

Question 1

components of the portal triad found at the edges of a liver lobule

Answer 1

branch of hepatic artery
bile duct
hepatic portal vein

Question 2

what are the enzymes secreted by the pancreas

Answer 2

amylopsin
steapsin
trypsinogen

Question 3

which structure prevents food from entering the pharynx

Answer 3

uvala

Question 4

what is the basic functional unit of the liver

Answer 4

liver lobules

Question 5

what is emulsiication

Answer 5

splitting of fats in to tiny negatively charged globules

Question 6

what mesentery holds the first part of the small intestine

Answer 6

mesentery proper

Question 7

functions of stomach

Answer 7

storage of ingested food
initiation of protein digestion
production of HCl to destroy bacteria

Question 8

function of intrinsic factor in the gastric factor

Answer 8

binding of vitamin B12

Question 9

which cells produce the enzyme trypsinogen

Answer 9

acinar cells

Question 10

function of chief cells of the stomach

Answer 10

production of pepsinogen

Question 11

which enzyme in saliva helps to protect against bacterial infection in the mouth

Answer 11

lysozyme

Question 12

cooked starch is digested in the mouth and concerted to maltose. which enzyme is responsible for this?

Answer 12

ptyalin

Question 13

what are the characteristics of enzymes

Answer 13

protein in nature
sensitive to pH
sensitive to temp
work best at body temo
optimum temp
specific: each enzyme can act only on a particular substrate

Question 14

which valve is found at the junction between esophagus and stomach

Answer 14

cardiac

Question 15

what are the substances that enter the anterior part of the duodenum

Answer 15

chyme
bile
pancreatic juice

Question 16

which enzyme in the intestinal juice completes protein digestion

Answer 16

erepsin

Question 17

which cells secrete the hormone gastrin

Answer 17

G cells

Question 18

what are the changes that happen during the pharyngeal phase of deglutition

Answer 18

uvula and soft palate block the passage back to the nasopharynx

Question 19

what is the function of parietal cells

Answer 19

production of HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 20

in which layer of the gastro intestinal tract large blood vessels and lymphatics are found

Answer 20

submucosa

Question 21

which digestive digestive juice contains enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Answer 21

pancreatic juice

Question 22

what are the salivary glands

Answer 22

a pair of parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands (3 pairs)

Question 23

which enzyme is activated by enterokinase? which gland produces it?

Answer 23

trypsingoen by pancreas

Question 24

the secretion of which gland protect the duodenum from gastric acid

Answer 24

brunner’s gland

Question 25

which substance activated pepsingen

Answer 25

hydrochloric acid

Question 26

put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer

Answer 26

mucous epithelium lamina propria muscularis mucosae submucosa muscularis externa serosa

Question 27

which of the following enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine

Answer 27

the circular folds the villi and microvilli highly vascularized inner endothelial lining of a single layer of cells

Question 28

which of the following is caused due to an obstruction of the common bile duct

Answer 28

undigested fat in the feces

Question 29

what is heartburn

Answer 29

it is due to regurgitation of gastric acid major sympton of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) it's pain may radiate to neck, throat, or angle of the jaw

Question 30

which cells are found in the mucus lining of the buccal cavity

Answer 30

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 31

functions of HCl

Answer 31

HCl activtes pepsinogen HCl kills bacteria in the stomach HCl provides acidic medium for pepsin

Question 32

where is bile stored

Answer 32

gallbladder

Question 33

where does carbohydrate digestion begin in the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 33

mouth

Question 34

what is responsible for controlling peristaluc movements in the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 34

auerbach's plexus

Question 35

a disease that attacks and disables the auerbach's plexus

Answer 35

decrease intestinal motility

Question 36

which is both an exocrine and endocrine gland

Answer 36

pancreas

Question 37

what refers to the waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract

Answer 37

peristalis

Question 38

what are the double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels

Answer 38

mesenteries

Question 39

what is the hardest substance in our body

Answer 39

enamel

Question 40

tongue function

Answer 40

sensitive to taste helps in speech helps in swalloing food

Question 41

what is the greater omentum

Answer 41

a messentery sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

Question 42

what is the bulk of each tooth of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone

Answer 42

dentin

Question 43

to which layer of the stomach, the lamina propria, and mucous epithelium belong

Answer 43

mucosa

Question 44

what is NOT true of segmentation

Answer 44

it is myogenic

Question 45

what is gingivitis

Answer 45

swollen gums at the base of teeth, red, and soft

Question 46

which part of the brain and the cranial nerves control deglutition

Answer 46

medullla oblongata glossopharyngeal (CN IX) nerve vagus (CN X) nerve

Question 47

what are the products of digestion of fats

Answer 47

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 48

what are the changes that happen during the buccal phase of deglutition

Answer 48

the bolus compresses the hard palate soft palate will be elevated nasopharynx will be sealed bolus is moved to the pharynx