REVIEW FOR QUIZ Flashcards

Question

What is a social age?

Answer 1

- Based on your connectedness with others and the social roles people adopt - Better relationships = happy people - Friends, family roles → if they have a big friend group → in case study

Answer 2

- Refers to an individual’s adaptive capacities compared to those of the same chronological age (able to adapt, memory and emotions) - Level of maturity for their age (have more a bank account and have a home at 18) - Context specific like not an actually number but rather if they act older or younger than their chronological age - Ex. elderly who continue to exercise and live healthy active lifestyles compared to those who do not

Answer 3

- Characterizes most individuals in which their psychological function often peaks in early middle age, remains relatively stable until the late fifties to sixties, and then shows a modest decline through eighties - Major decline occurs as individuals near death

Answer 4

- characterized individuals who show greater than average declines as they age through adult years - May have mild cognitive impairment in early old age, develop alzheimer disease later on, or have a chronic disease that impairs their daily functioning - HOW HAPPY YOU MEANT BE (LESS HAPPY = GREATER CHANCE OF PATHOLOGICAL AGING, ex. More trauma)

Answer 5

- Characterizes individuals whose positive physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development is maintained longer, declining later in old age than is the case for most people

Answer 6

- Can’t be changed easily, follow certain stages or root for society to function a certain way - Seeks understand social structures and relationship - Focus on idea that everything is related a mode of knowledge of nature and human life that is interested in relationships rather than individual objects

Answer 7

- Looking at cognitive development → asking how information is encoded in our brains - Learning theory is how people retain and learn information - You are building off what is around you - Computer → retrieving and storing information short term to long term

Answer 8

- Study self-discovery and self-growth → you as an individual Looking at beliefs, values, freedom of action, etc Idea full range of individual experiences → understand ourselves

Answer 9

- Basically humanistic approach but more emphasis on community - Human needs (resiliency code): a) Belonging b) Mastery → what you know c) Independence d) Generosity → know goodness

Answer 10

8 stages of personality

Answer 11

- Each stage has some sort of crisis where there is a conflict of needs of an individual and needs of society - Have positive or negative affect on development based on succeeding or fail a stage

Answer 12

- 0 to 1 (trust vs. mistrust) - Trust = learn to trust caregivers from consistent and dependable care they provide + others - Mistrust = infant experience discomfort and fear with caregiver due to neglect

Answer 13

- 1 to 3 years (autonomy vs shame/doubt) - Autonomy = child is encouraged and supported to be independent, develop self-confidence and be comfortable making own decisions - shame/doubt = child is discouraged, overly controlled, or criticized for actions, they will become shameful and doubtful of their abilities

Answer 14

- 3 to 6 years (initiative vs. guilt) - Initiative = when children are encouraged, they are willing to take initiative and follow interests - Guilt = when a child’s efforts to pursue independent activities are discouraged, they will feel ashamed and guilt

Answer 15

- 7 to 11 years (industry vs. inferiority) - school age - Industry = child receive recognition and positive regard for their accomplishments, they feel industrious - competent and productive - Inferiority = child’s effort is discouraged, they feel incompetent

Answer 16

- 12 to 18 years ( identity vs. identity confusion) -> adolescence - Identity = if adolescents are provided with freedom to explore themselves, they develop strong identities - Identity confusion = if discouraged and forced to conform, they will feel restricted and unsure of themselves

Answer 17

- 19 - 29 years (intimacy vs. isolation) -> early adulthood - Intimacy = if adults can lead committed and intimate relationships, they successfully navigate themselves through intimacy - Isolation = if adults struggle to form stable and healthy relationships, they will be isolated and lonely

Answer 18

- 30 to 64 years (generativity vs. stagnation) -> middle age - Generativity = if adults can be responsible and lead the next generation by making positive changes, fill fulfillment - Stagnation = adults are not able to resolve conflicts and mentors, they are left experiencing stagnation → feel pessimistic and unproductive

Answer 19

- 65 to onward (ego integrity vs. despair) -> old age - Ego integrity = if individuals are satisfied with their lives, they will development contentment - Despair = if individuals are dissatisfied and regretful, they develop feelings of despair and bitterness

Answer 20

- Highlights abilities to overcome a particular crisis from each stage - Resilience in theory is viewed as when individuals successfully navigate and overcome stage → allow them to got to next stage - Success = healthy personality and essential virtues - A person can risk failing to resolve the crisis and complete any of stage Failure mean difficult to cope with life challenges Second part of vs. is the risk

Answer 21

SOCIOEMOTIONAL - social interaction and relationships played role in development HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE - humans have free will, implying that personality development differs for everyone - Suggest that individuals are continuously striving to fulfill capabilities of self-awareness - Concept of reaching self-actualization

Answer 22

- The more knowledgeable a person who is teaching someone else who less knowledge (usually teacher or parent) - children pay attention to peers (who are valuable) than teachers and parents - Recommend teachers pair more knowledge students with less knowledgeable

Answer 23

1. Unique individuals → stresses that each child is a unique learned, individual learning styles and abilities should be acknowledged and studied 2. Purpose of education → primary aim of education is to foster development through social learning and internalization of culture and social relationships 3. Role of existing knowledge → importance of existing knowledge and experiences to interpret new information → influencing one's perspective 4. Curriculum goals → enhance overall competency, prioritize communication among students and provide opportunities to apply existing knowledge and experiences through learning tasks

Answer 24

- Believed child development entails going through a # of stable developmental phases 1. Birth: Physically distance from mother, “front brain” development for social connection 2. 12 months: child express will and individuality through interaction 3. Age 3 awareness of unique individuality begins 4. Age 7: awareness of unique individuality 5. Pre-teen (12-13): adopt a critical attitude, understanding concepts independently

Answer 25

- Learn to interact with peers → adolescents use societies behavioral norms and observations from adults based on behavior

Answer 26

- Learn from observing children - Involves social interaction and components of teaching environment

Answer 27

Environment of child raised affects cognitive development

Answer 28

Sociocultural theory - Children acquire their cultural values and problem solving techniques through cooperative conversations with experienced members of society - Theory suggest social interaction plays fundamental role in COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT - Talks about environment and impacting development Cognitive development - Affect development through interaction with more advanced others - Children who are more intelligent develop abilities from social interactions

Answer 29

4 stages of learning development

Answer 30

(birth - 2 years) - Begin to explore world through senses and actions - Develop cognitive abilities (imitate actions, object permanence, self recognition, etc) - Main goal is object permanence (understand that object is still there when hidden)

Answer 31

(2-7 years) - Begin to learn that not everyone sees world the same - Begin to appreciate the company of others - Important imagination and play “pretend” - Focus on symbolic thoughts (ability to translate symbols into sentiments)

Answer 32

(7-11 years) - Main goal is logical thought Believed this was a major stage as beginning operational thought - Focus on others feelings and how they think - Children are more successful given concrete (physical) objects to reason

Answer 33

12 and up) - Begin to develop abstract thinking - Start to understand hypothetical questions - Main goal is scientific reasoning

Answer 34

- Helps be resilient as stages can’t be skipped → easier to complete each one - Risk and protective factors play important role in social and psychological development of children - Resilience formed from central hub, connecting perceived cognitive control, emotion regulation, and residual symptomatology

Answer 35

INFORMATION PROCESSING AND LEARNING THEORY → how brain filters information with our memory and how we process information Theory focuses on child cognitive development and how they use their senses on their surrounding to learn and strengthen it

Answer 36

1. Physiological needs - Air, water, food, shelter, water, etc 2. Safely and security needs - Personal security, employment, resources, health, property 3. Social needs/love and belonging - Friendships, intimacy, family, etc 4. Esteem needs - Respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom 5. Self-actualization - Desire to become the most that one can be

Answer 37

- Children are dependent on parents for needs - Positive parenting methods like affirming their character, challenging them mentally and encouraging friendships - COGNITIVE AND SOCIOEMOTIONAL FULFILLMENT - May be hard to reach self actualization → not not impossible

Answer 38

- Want to find more ways to be independent → from identity outside home - Many of physiological and safety needs may still be tended by parents - NEED OF ESTEEM AND LOVE/BELONGING

Answer 39

- Typically independent - Begin to develop responsibility for decisions - Adults have opportunity to reach true self-actualization if they satisfy their basic and psychological needs

Answer 40

- People might improve resilience by taking care of basic needs for stability - Suggest people can enhance their resilience by addressing basic needs for stability - Accumulate experiences and resources that enable them to confront and overcome barriers and challenges to each specific stage - Each person has barrier → strive to fulfill each stage or need

Answer 41

Physical Basic needs of food and water Cognitive Need to learn and educate themselves Socioemotional - Create and maintain relationships - Individual is able to develop in positive way and fulfill these social needs - As long and belonging HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE - Viewing whole person - Every human is different - Different needs listed are applicable to general needs of humans - Visual model is very inclusive of everyone's needs - Allows theorists to look through the development of individuals into healthier and better versions of themselves

Answer 42

- All about interconnectedness - Consider all aspects and how they impact development - Idea that you are looking at all perspectives East: beginning, spirit, rebirth, identity, history South: relationships, renewal, community, elders, emotion West: ancestors the, the mind, respect, knowledge North: movement, healing, doing, diversity

Answer 43

Spiritual → look at other parts of you, how you meant see yourself Physical → relationships around you Mental → healing and dealing with mental health Talk about the role of community, parent, friends in child development

Answer 44

look at relationships between each age group (youth and children is directly across elders and seniors) → big role that elderly people play in development in children and youth for instance → we are teaching them and they are teaching you (like we teach people about new technology)

Answer 45

New beginnings = pass on traditions and culture to future generations

Answer 46

Identity struggles = foster relationships and explore cultural pathways

Answer 47

Mental health issues = healing centers, decolonize the mind, spiritual connections

Answer 48

To be successful is to have a strong sense of community and a spiritual relationship with all life forms. Indigenous peoples were able to continue with their traditional culture and ways of living despite colonization processes. Resilience is founded on the wisdom of the elders that is passed down orally and guides the community through life, in order to avoid the risk

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