review guide

Question 1

Bacterial enzyme that breaks down peroxides with liberation of free oxygen

Answer 1

Catalase

Question 2

protein enzyme that enable conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, used to differentiate S. aures

Answer 2

Coagulase

Question 3

modified oxidase test used to differentiate Micrococcus spp. from catalse positive Staph. spp.

Answer 3

Microdase

Question 4

differentiates S. sprophyticus

Answer 4

Novobiocin

Question 5

Methicillian-resistant-S. aureus

Answer 5

MRSA

Question 6

toxic shock syndrome toxin, S. aureus

Answer 6

TSST

Question 7

it is often speculated that Strep and Staph pathogens use hyaluronidase as a virulence factor to destroy the polysaccharide that holds animal cells together, making it easier for the pathogen to spread through the tissues of the host organism

Answer 7

Hyaluronidase

Question 8

toxin secreted by bacteria

Answer 8

Exotoxins

Question 9

protein exotoxin released by a microorganism that targets the intestines

Answer 9

Enterotoxins

Question 10

any substance produced in the body by a pathogenic bacterium that enhances the virulence of bacteria

Answer 10

Aggressins

Question 11

The syndrome caused by S. aureus and caused by detachment within the epidermal layer

Answer 11

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Question 12

highly contagious Staph infection (aureus or less commonly pyogenes), causing lesions and scabbin often seen on arms, legs, and face

Answer 12

Impetigo

Question 13

S. Aureus infection resulting in boils at a hair follicle

Answer 13

Furuncles

Question 14

visible breakdown of red blood cells on blood agar

Answer 14

Hemolysis

Question 15

Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase test. S. lugdunensis, S. pyogenes, and Enterocci spp are positive

Answer 15

PYR test

Question 16

groups of beta hemolytic bacteria based on carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on cell walls.

Answer 16

Lancefield groups

Question 17

used to identify beta hemolytic Streptococci

Answer 17

Camp test

Question 18

used to identify Enterococci and Group D Strep.

Answer 18

Bile Esulin

Question 19

used to identify Enterococci

Answer 19

Salt Tolerance test

Question 20

used to identify S. pneumoniae

Answer 20

Optochin

Question 21

used to identify/confirm S. pneumoniae

Answer 21

Bile Solubility

Question 22

the antibody made against Streptolysin O, and immunogenic, oxygen-labile hemlytic toxin produced by most strains of Group A and many strains of Group C and G Step. The main function of Streptolysin O is to cause beta hemolysis

Answer 22

ASE (Anti-Streptolysin O)

Question 23

enzyme secreted by several species of Streptococci that activate human plasminogen

Answer 23

Steptokinase

Question 24

exotoxins produced by S. pyogenes

Answer 24

SPE

Question 25

infection of S. pyogenes from erythrogenic toxin

Answer 25

Scarlet Fever

Question 26

inflammatory disease post S. pyogenes infection

Answer 26

Rheumatic Fever

Question 27

systemic bacterial infection of newborn after exposure to flora of birth canal

Answer 27

Neonatal Sepsis

Question 28

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci

Answer 28

VRE

Question 29

Gram stain morphology and hemolytic reactions: S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes, Micrococcus luteus, and E. faecalis

Answer 29

``` S. aureus - gpc clusters, beta S. pneumoniae- gpc pairs, alpha S. epidermidis - gpc, gamma S. pyogenes - gpc chains, beta Micrococcus luteus - gpc cluster, ganna E. faecalis - gpc chains, alpha beta or gamma ```

Question 30

what is the reagent used to determine the presence of catalase

Answer 30

hydrogen peroxide

Question 31

which organisms (genus) will be differentiated with the catalase test

Answer 31

Staph and Strep

Question 32

``` what are the expected results (how it appears) of the following: Catalase positive Catalase negative Tube coagulase negative Slide coagulase positive ```

Answer 32

Catalase positive is coppous bubbles catalase negative is few to no bubbles tube coagulase negative is no clot slide coagulase positive is ANY clumping

Question 33

the microdase test will differentiate between which 2 organisms?

Answer 33

Micrococci and Staphylococci

Question 34

Which enzyme is detected by the microdase reagent?

Answer 34

Oxidase enzyme

Question 35

which organism is lysed by optochin

Answer 35

S. pneumoniae

Question 36

name a beta hemolytic Strep that is PYR positive

Answer 36

S. pyogenes

Question 37

what are the expected results of: positive bile esculin negative salt tolerance positive salt tolerance

Answer 37

+ bile esculin - blackening of media - salt tolerance - no turbidity or color change + salt tolerance - visible turbidity in the broth, with or without color change from purple to yellow