Review of quizzes (including diagrams) before midterm

Question 1

When designing for earthquake loads you:

a. Design the building to resist a smaller earthquake and allow the building to deform.
b. Design the building to dissipate all earthquake force to a surrounding structure.
c. Hope it stands.
d. Design the building to resist the maximum load produced by the earthquake.

Answer 1

a.

Question 2

What is the difference between materials being ductile vs brittle? (write your answer below)

Answer 2

Ductility: Ability of a material to deform under tensile loading Brittleness: rupture point in relationship to yield point.

Question 3

Which of the following answers are considerations of sustainable design and construction? (Select all that apply)

a. All of the above
b. Reduce environmental pollution caused by soil erosion, waterway sedimentation, and airborne dust generation during construction.
c. How it affects current and future generations.
d. Low natural resource consumption in materials and assemblies.
e. Establish environment-friendly waste management plan.

Answer 3

a. All of the above

Question 4

Tensile forces are ________. Select one or more:

a. Forces pulled apart
b. Forces push in opposite directions.
c. Forces pressing together.

Answer 4

a.

Question 5

What is the rupture point? Select one or more:

a. The point where a material fails.
b. The point where the material begins to change over time.
c. The point a material deforms plastically.
d. The point where a material deforms elastically.

Answer 5

a.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a property of Isotropic Materials? Select one or more of the following answers.

Select one or more:

a. Most human-made building materials.
b. Includes steel, concrete, masonry, etc.
c. Equal (or similar) mechanical properties in all directions.
d. It has unique and independent mechanical properties.

Answer 6

d.

Question 7

Compressive forces are ________.

Select one or more:

a. Forces pulled apart
b. Forces push in opposite directions.
c. Forces pressing together.

Answer 7

c.

Question 8

Shear forces are ________.

Select one or more:

a. Forces pulled apart.
b. Forces pressing together.
c. Forces push in opposite directions.

Answer 8

c.

Question 9

live load is: (select all answers that apply) Select one or more:

a. A live load is force that changes.
b. A live load is generated by people and movable objects.
c. A live load is generated by wind.
d. A live load is generated by furniture.

Answer 9

Check (teach said a,b, and d)

Question 10

What is the R-Value of construction material define?

Select one or more:

a. R-Value is the unique property of a material’s ability to absorb light.
b. The section modulus is really important to the strength of a beam. R-Value is the unique property of a materials ability to resist shear force.
c. R-Value is the unique property of a materials ability to absorb sound.
d. R-value is a measurement of thermal resistance and measures the ability of heat to transfer from one side of an object to another.

Answer 10

d.

Question 11

what is the difference between bearing strength and compressive strength?

Answer 11

Compressive strength is where a material was tested to failure without confinement or restriction in the lateral direction . The material was allowed to expand freely in the direction perpendicular to its load. Bearing strength refers to a material’s compressive strength plus the effect of confinement, when present.

Question 12

What is a “load” on a structural member?

Select one or more:

a. A load is a mass applied to a structural element.
b. A load is a weight applied to a structural element.
c. A load is a force applied to a structural element.
d. A load is a lot of furniture applied to a structural element.

Answer 12

c.

Question 13

What is the section modulus? Pick the best possible answer.

Select one or more:

a. The section modulus is the depth of a beam.
b. The section modulus is a geometric property for a given cross-section.
c. The section modulus is really important to the strength of a beam.
d. The section modulus is used to design beams. Feedback

Answer 13

b.

Question 14

A dead loads is _________: (select all answers that apply)

Select one or more:

a. Dead loads are generated from walls and floors.
b. Dead loads are forces that change over time.
c. Dead loads are static or constant loads applied to a structure.
d. Dead loads are generated by rain and snow. e. Dead loads are generated from the furniture.

Answer 14

a and c

Question 15

Soil is commonly broken up into the subcategories below. Which one is incorrect is not a sub category of soil?

Select one:

a. Rock
b. Sand
c. Clay
d. Gravel

Answer 15

a.

Question 16

Soils bearing capacity generally increases as the depth below ground increase? Select one: True False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Soil found in a place that does not meet bearing capacity requirements are often modified to meet requirements by?

Select all that apply.

Select one or more:

a. Compacting the site
b. Capping the site
c. Scraping and disposing off-site
d. Do nothing and start construction

Answer 17

A, B, C

Question 18

What does a topographic map represent?

Select one:

a. Types of vegetation
b. Concentration of solar insolation
c. Depth of the water table
d. Sloping of the terrain or site

Answer 18

d.

Question 19

In what direction in the northern hemisphere will you get the biggest thermal gain from the sun?

Select one:

a. West
b. South
c. East
d. North

Answer 19

b. South

Question 20

What type of soil is commonly the most cohesive?

Select one:

a. Gravel
b. Sand
c. Silt
d. Clay

Answer 20

d.

Question 21

In Delhi NY vicinity what is the frost depth that should be used for footings? Select one:

a. 0” - 12”
b. 12” - 24”
c. 36” - 48”
d. 72”

Answer 21

c.

Question 22

What is the purpose of pouring foundations below the frost depth?

Answer 22

Above the frost depth line, water in the soil can freeze which can cause damage to the structure. If a foundation is poured within the frost depth, the soil can freeze which may cause the footings of the foundation to heave. This is why you have to pour the foundation below the frost line, especially since the soil under the frost line will not freeze.

Question 23

What material are H Piles & Sheet Piles commonly made of?

Select one:

a. Fiberglass
b. Wood
c. Steel
d. Aluminum

Answer 23

c. steel

Question 24

What devices are commonly used to brace supported excavations? Pick all that apply.

Select one:

a. Tiebacks
b. All of the above
c. Lagging
d. Piles
e. Soil Nails

Answer 24

b.

Question 25

If these soils are saturated with water the bearing capacity will decrease. Pick all that apply? Select one or more: a. Course Sand b. Gravel c. Fine Sand d. Silt e. Clay f. Bedrock

Answer 25

c,d,e

Question 26

What does a bentonite slurry prevent when digging a trench?

Answer 26

Bentonite slurry is a fine clay slurry that can be used to help prevent cave ins when digging a trench. Bentonite slurry can slurry can also be used as an impermeable barrier in the trench.

Question 27

What does a sieve test determine about a specific soil sample?

Answer 27

A sieve test is done to determine the size of the particles in a soil sample. For instance, gravel particles are retained in a No. 4 sieve, but sand can pass right through it. This would mean that the particles of gravel are bigger than the particles of sand. Based on what particles are able to pass through the sieves and different measurements, they will be able to be classified.

Question 28

A strap footing is generally used where? Select a single answer. Select one or more: a. The soil is expansive. b. The soil has low bearing capacity c. The columns in the buildings are closely spaced d. The columns in the buildings in the building abut the property line

Answer 28

d.

Question 29

A live load is best described by which statement below. Select a single answer. Select one or more: a. A load that stays static over time like the weight of the house building materials b. A load that stays static over time like snow on the roof c. A load that changes over time like snow on the roof

Answer 29

c.

Question 30

Settlement of foundations causes stress or damage in the structural frame of the building when the settlement is? Select a single answer. Select one or more: a. Caused by live loads b. Caused by dead loads c. Caused by lateral loads d. Caused by large uniform loads over the entire foundation area e. Caused by non-uniform loads over the foundation area

Answer 30

Feedback The correct answer is: Caused by non-uniform loads over the foundation area

Question 31

A reinforced concrete slab on grade is suitable for? Select a single answer. Select one or more: a. Lightly loaded low rise buildings on stable soil. b. Lightly loaded low rise buildings on expansive soil. c. Lightly loaded low rise buildings on expansive soil or stable soil. d. All types of buildings on stable soil dependent that the slab is 12” thick. e. All types of buildings on stable soils, provided that it comprises perimeter and intermediate beams in both directions.

Answer 31

Feedback The correct answer is: Lightly loaded low rise buildings on stable soil.

Question 32

What does a common foundation drainage system consist of? Select a single best possible answer. Select one or more: a. A perforated drain pipe b. A perforated drain pipe set in a layer of crushed stone c. A perforated drain pipe set in a layer of crushed stone or gravel, and wrapped in filter fabric

Answer 32

Feedback The correct answer is: C. perforated drain pipe set in a layer of crushed stone or gravel, and wrapped in filter fabric

Question 33

Void boxes used for concrete form work in foundation systems are made of? Select a single answer. Select one or more: a. Wood b. Steel c. Plastic d. Fiberglass e. Cardboard

Answer 33

Feedback The correct answer is: Cardboard

Question 34

In what situation might you use an elevated floor system or crawl space in your foundation design? Select a single answer. Select one or more: a. In very cold climates to keep the building warmer b. In flood or moisture prone areas to avoid trapping water under the structure c. In a building with lots of utilities under the structure because it easier to work in a crawl space than a full basement d. When you are using steel I Beams for floor joists

Answer 34

Feedback The correct answer is: In flood or moisture prone areas to avoid trapping water under the structure

Question 35

# Choose the example of a DEEP foundation system below? Select all that apply. Select one or more: a. Slab on grade b. Mat Foundation c. Raft Foundation d. Driven pile foundation

Answer 35

Drive Pile foundation

Question 36

The most a dimensionally stable way to saw wood is? Choose one. Select one: a. Rift sawed lumber. b. Flat sawed lumber. c. Quarter sawed lumber.

Answer 36

C.

Question 37

n your own words what are the three primary advantages that wood has over other building material like concrete or steel?

Answer 37

1. Easier to remodel - To remodel a concrete house would take a lot more effort, time and money to do so. When it comes to remodeling a structure with a wooden frame, from what I have personally seen, it is just a matter of tearing down sheetrock and other framing members. After these framing members are teared down, the partition can be moved and installed into a whole different location. As someone who lives in the Caribbean, I can say first hand that remodeling a concrete house is much harder than that. The breaking down of the wall itself is a very tedious task, and the re-installing of the wall is no better. 2. It's faster - Wood structures can be put up a lot quicker than concrete structures. When working with concrete, you have to pour concrete and wait for it to properly dry before the next step can begin. Beyond this, wooden structures, as seen in my CSNT 110 class, can begin being built in one location and then transported to another location. That is generally not doable with concrete. 3. It's more cost effective - Wood is usually much cheaper to work with than concrete. It usually takes longer to get a return on investment when using concrete rather than wood. In the Caribbean, most houses are no where near the size of the typical home. This can be due to the fact that it is more expensive to work with concrete than it is to work with wood.

Question 38

What type of wood has the following properties? tends to be harder and stronger, has a relatively low moisture content and as low distortion overtime?

Answer 38

Heart wood

Question 39

What type of wood has the following properties? tends to be harder and stronger, has a relatively low moisture content and as low distortion overtime?

Answer 39

Heart wood (Hardwood I think can work too?)

Question 40

What type of wood has the following properties: fast-growing, dimensional lumber is usually made of this type of wood, and tends to have high distortion over time?

Answer 40

Juvenile wood (softwood can work too maybe?)

Question 41

Which of the following statements are true about hardwoods? Select one. Select one: a. Tend to be sourced from deciduous trees b. Tend to be sourced from coniferous trees c. Tend to be used for framing studs. d. Are harvested within twenty years.

Answer 41

a.

Question 42

How many board feet (bf) are in a 10’ long 6”x6” board? Select one solution from the list below. Select one or more: a. 30 b. 2.5 c. 360 d. 60

Answer 42

a.

Question 43

What is the actual size of a 2”x4”? Select one solution from the list below. Select one or more: a. 2" x 4" b. 1" x 3" c. 1.5" x 3.5"

Answer 43

c.

Question 44

Delhi is in the decay region 2. What does that tell us about our location? Select one solution from the list below. Select one or more: a. Delhi has a high level of natural decay factors in the air. b. Delhi has a moderate level of fungal decay factors in the ground. c. Delhi has a very high level of fungal decay factors in the ground. d. Delhi has a low level of natural decay factors in the air.

Answer 44

b.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a grade of lumber? Select one of the following. Select one or more: a. Stud b. #2 Structural c. Construction Grade d. Ultra-high strength

Answer 45

d.

Question 46

Chemically treated lumber does NOT protect against? Select one. Select one or more: a. Fungus b. Insects c. Fire d. Excessive loading

Answer 46

d.

Question 47

What is the standard size of a sheet of plywood? Select one solution from the list below. Select one or more: a. 2' x 4' b. 5' x 7' c. 4' x 8' d. 3' x 6'

Answer 47

c.

Question 48

Welding structural steel: Select one or more: a. Requires greater skill to achieve quality joints b. Provides material savings over bolting c. Creates a greater level of continuity d. Rapid construction e. All of the above

Answer 48

a b and c

Question 49

What is a critical element when erecting steel joists to prevent buckling? Select one or more: a. Bracing b. Bridging c. Support beams d. Girder e.

Answer 49

b.

Question 50

When you increase or decrease the carbon content of steel what does it do? Select one or more: a. Carbon increases strength but also brittleness b. Carbon decreases strength but increases ductility c. Carbon increases ductility but decreases brittleness d. Carbon has no factor in the strength of steel

Answer 50

a.

Question 51

In a short paragraph what advantages does steel provide that other building materials that we have discussed in class do not? Provide at least two examples with supporting examples. (Worth 2 Points)

Answer 51

Two advantages that steel has over wood in particular would be its termite resistance and its fungal resistance. In order for fungi to survive, oxygen, food, and a proper environment must be present. There is no food within a steel structure for the fungi to feed on. This is the same for termites as well. Termites are insects that eat wood. Steel does not contain wood; therefore, the termites will not see it as food. In warmer areas, building with steel can be quite beneficial for these exact two reasons.

Question 52

Where would you recommend using wrought iron over other types of steel?

Answer 52

I would recommend the use of wrought iron in any structure that has to be exposed to high levels of corrosion. For instance, it is believed that the salty air in the Caribbean causes steel to rust extremely fast. Wrought iron might be useful in such a country as it has a high resistance to corrosion. Wrought can be used in bridges

Question 53

If you were given the following classification label for a steel stud what would it be telling you? 600 - S - 162 - 33

Answer 53

600 - depth S - Type 162- Width 33- Thickness in mills

Question 54

What can be used to protect structural steel? Select one or more: a. Protect the steel with a layer of paint. b. Protect the steel with a layer drywall. c. Protect the steel with a layer of spray insulation. d. Protect the steel by encasing it in masonry. e. All of the above.

Answer 54

e. All of the above

Question 55

When concrete contains rebar, it is referred to as ____________ concrete. Select one: a. Redundant b. Fortified c. Reinforced d. High performance

Answer 55

c.

Question 56

The three basic ingredients in CONCRETE are what?

Answer 56

Answer: 1. Portland Cement 2. Aggregate 3. Water

Question 57

When concrete has strands or rod tensioned prior to being poured it is called ______________ concrete. Select one: a. Post-tensioned b. Pre-tensioned c. Rod reinforced d. High strength

Answer 57

b.

Question 58

The act of keeping concrete within an acceptable temperature and properly hydrated is called\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 58

Curing

Question 59

Concrete units produced offsite prior to construction are referred to as?

Answer 59

Precast

Question 60

When concrete is supported overhead the support system is referred to as? Select one: a. Jacks b. Post and beam c. Strands d. Shoring

Answer 60

d. Shoring

Question 61

The main component of Portland Cement is: Select one: a. Lime b. Iron c. Sand d. Aggregate

Answer 61

a.

Question 62

What two elements found in the soil attacks concrete integrity?

Answer 62

1. Sulfate ,2. Water (I believe teacher said salty water and also chlorine, not sure)

Question 63

The mold that concrete is poured into is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? Select one: a. Container b. Concrete box c. Form d. Shoring

Answer 63

c. Form

Question 64

As the water to cement ratio increases IE you add more water to the concrete? Select one: a. Weakens b. Strengthen c. No effect

Answer 64

a. Weakens

Question 65

What is the purpose of air-entrained concrete and where might you use it?

Answer 65

The purpose of air entrained concrete is to prevent the freeze-thaw damage of concrete structures. Air entrained concrete would be used in cold areas where the water in the soil may freeze due to cold temperatures and thaw when the temperatures become warmer. small air pockets stabilize the freeze-thaw cycles of concrete.

Question 66

How many days does it take for concrete to cure to approximately 75%? Select one: a. 4 Days b. 7 Days c. 10 Days d. 28 Days

Answer 66

b.

Question 67

Rebar reinforcement cement masonry units CMU’s is used to: Select one: a. Resist lateral loads such and wind and earthquake b. Resist gravity loads from the floor and roof c. Increase the unit weight of the wall d. Act as an electrical grounding system in case of a lightning strike

Answer 67

a.

Question 68

As the lime content in a mortar mix increases which of the following events occur: circle all that apply. Select one or more: a. The workability increases b. The water resistance increases c. The self-healing properties increase d. The strength of the decreases e. All of the above

Answer 68

e. All of the above

Question 69

he common thickness of a mortar joint between masonry units is? Select one: a. 5/8" b. 3/4" c. 3/8" d. 1"

Answer 69

c.

Question 70

Lintel blocks with rebar reinforcement are used when in buildings where? Select one: a. Over an opening in the CMU wall such as window and doors b. At the top of walls to tie into the spandrel beams at different floors c. Below point loads such as roof joist to the spread the load to the blocks below d. All of the above

Answer 70

d.

Question 71

Joint reinforcement in a CMU wall consists of: Select one: a. a single wire b. two parallel wires connected together by cross wires c. three parallel wires connected together by cross wires d. two parallel wires not connected by cross wires

Answer 71

b.

Question 72

what is grout, a Control joint, and a bond beam?

Answer 72

Grout → A cementitious material used to fill voids in masonry units that bonds the unit with the reinforcement., Control Joint → A joint that allows for the horizontal movement of adjacent wall segments., Bond beam → A masonry segment that allows for continuous horizontal reinforcement.

Question 73

What is the most common type of natural stone used in the construction industry? Select one: a. Marble b. Sandstone c. Granite d. Limestone e. Slate

Answer 73

c. Granite

Question 74

What are some of the limitations of bearing wall construction? Select one: a. Due to their thinness, contemporary assemblies require water-resistant covering/cladding. b. Due to the fabrication and erection process, there is a greater need for coordination between trades. c. Dimensions are limited by the size of the masonry unit. d. All of the above

Answer 74

d.

Question 75

What is a brick, CMU, and a slab?

Answer 75

Brick → A masonry unit made from compacted and fired clay., Concrete masonry unit → A masonry unit made from pre-cast cementitious material., Slab → A masonry unit sawn from a larger stone

Question 76

In soil classification: •G is for? •S is for? • M for ? •C for ? • W for? •P for ? •L for? •H ? •O for?

Answer 76

* G for gravel * S for sand * M for silt * C for clay * W for well-graded particles * P for poorly graded soils * L for low plasticity (liquid limit …50%) * H for high plasticity (liquid limit 750%) * O for organic soils

Question 77

Where is tension and compression?

Answer 77

Question 78

Label the excavation types either stepped, sheet, or sloped

Answer 78

1. sloped 2. stepped 3. sheet

Question 79

Answer 79

Question 80

Select one or more: a. Wall b. Pier or Column c. Raft Foundation d. Driven pile foundation

Answer 80

b. Pier or Column

Question 81

Select one: a. Cupping b. Bowed c. Twisting d. Crowning e. Checking

Answer 81

a. cupping

Question 82

Which of the following images depicts a Glulam of glue laminated lumber? Select one solution from the list below.

Answer 82

Question 83

Which of the following images depicts an LVL or laminated veneer lumber? Select one solution from the list below.

Answer 83

Question 84

Which of the following images depicts an LSL or laminated strand lumber? Select one solution from the list below.

Answer 84

Question 85

Which of the following images depicts a TJI or trus joist I? Select one solution from the list below.

Answer 85

Question 86

Label the components: 1. T- steel 2. Channel 3. Hollow structural steel 4. L- steel 5. Wide flange

Answer 86

Question 87

1. Rigid frame 2. Braced frame 3. Shear wall

Answer 87

Question 88

What type of joist is this?

Answer 88

K-joist

Question 89

Drop the parts in the correct locations: 1. Steel grade 2. Bar size 3. Type of steel 4. Vertical ribs 5. Mills

Answer 89

Question 90

Label the 3 different types of concrete joints. Control joint Construction joint Expansion joint

Answer 90

Question 91

What type of precast member does the diagram represent? Select one: a. Hollow core b. Solid plank c. Inverted T d. Double T

Answer 91

d. Double T

Question 92

Label the sketches below: 1. Running Bond 2. Stacked Bond

Answer 92