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Review Qs Flashcards

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1
Q

Define what is meant by communication; what is the critical characteristic of all acts of communicating?

A

Def: Communicating is a process by which people create & share info with one another in order to reach common understanding.

Critical Characteristics:

  • The message received must be understood.
  • No communication takes place unless there is a common understanding of the message between the person sending the message and the person(s) receiving it.
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2
Q

Explain each of the four elements that are common to all acts of communications:

A
  1. Sender/source: Where the info comes from.
  2. Message: the info that is communicated.
  3. Channel: the method through which the info is passed.
  4. Receiver: person/audience for whom the message is intended.
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3
Q

Define what is meant by communicator credibility. List eight factors that contribute to the credibility of communicators.

A

A set of perceptions about sources held by receivers. It is influenced by the source but dependent on the opinions of the receiver. It increases the INFLUENCE of the communicator.

  • Competence/qualifications/expertness.
  • Accessibility
  • Trustworthiness/ reliability
  • Dynamism/ enthusiasm
  • Personal characteristics
  • Reputation
  • Power
  • Status/ position
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4
Q

Define what is meant by communicator empathy. Explain why it is important for successful communication.

A

Temporarily living in the others world whilst keeping a foot in your own. Seeing the issues through the others eyes, feeling their emotions whilst controlling your own.

Remaining impartial without judging or sympathising.

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5
Q

Describe the 3 receiver response states. Explain why communicators must know about this concept for successful communication.

A

Attention: Extremely selective, We attend to information which can help us to fulfil our wants & needs: personal, economic, social & info not perceived as relevant is excluded:Exclusion of info is more common than attention to info.

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6
Q

What is the role of lecture presentations when communicating info to an audience (relate to the adoption process)?

A
  • to raise awareness
  • to create interest
  • to assist in mental evaluation of info
  • helps us too

Adoption process- unsuited to teaching skills (passive), Usually not participative, probably the only method that can be used for large groups.

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7
Q

List the four key issues to consider when planning a lecture presentation?

A

-Audience
-Subject Matter
-Purpose/aim
-Times available

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8
Q

List 5 key steps to complete when preparing a lecture presentation

A
  1. Structure your presentation
  2. Draft your talk
  3. Plan and prepare visual aids
  4. Rehearse
  5. Prepare for the unexpected
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9
Q

List 3 types of seating arrangements you would consider if organising a seminar & give 2 advantages of each type.

A

Theatre style :
1. Maximises audience capacity
2. Good for presentations - all ppl face the speaker

Horseshoe:
1.Encourages interaction
2. Good visibility

Cabaret:
1. Supports group work ( small tables)
2. Clear view of the front

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10
Q

list 5 key principles to consider when preparing and presenting slides to accompany a lecture.

A
  • use of audio visual aids
  • effective use of boards
  • Effective use of video
  • Make it clear with colours, bullets, capitlisation
  • keep it simple - sound & transition
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11
Q

List 4 reasons why it is VIP to increase audience participation during a lecture or training course?

A
  • holds audience attn.
  • helps audience take ownership of what is being presented
  • helps to check for understanding
  • essential if goal is to alter people attitudes and behaviour
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12
Q

Identify 5 methods of achieving audience participation during a lecture presentation or training course.

A
  • Questions & discussion
  • Buzz/hum sessions
  • Brainstorms
  • Roleplays
  • Work sheets, samples
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13
Q

List the 5 key differences between writing business and personal emails

A
  • business emails use a professional tone that reflects professionalism & respect. Personal emails tend to be more casual or conversational depending on the relationship between the sender & receiver.
  • Business emails have a clear direct purpose. Personal emails are more of a narrative.
  • Professional emails have a structured format, personal emails are less structured.
  • Business writing has more precision and clarity, personal emails can use informal terms or abbreviations.
  • Professional emails the writer must consider the audience, personal emails are usually written to family or friends.
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14
Q

Describe 4 criteria usedto judge the quality of a list of references

A
  1. Alphabetical
  2. Surnames & initials of authors
  3. Year of publication
  4. Title of article, journal, book etc.
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15
Q

List 5 ways to ensure the effective presentation of a table and/or figure

A
  1. Label above graphic, figure label below the graphic
  2. Always reference
  3. Highlight label in bold
  4. Have a number placed beside them. e.g. Fig. 1
  5. Accurate and concise captions
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16
Q

List 5 characteristics of the structure and/or writing style of a media article:

A

Structure:
1. Headline
2. Lead
3. Essential facts
4. Less essential facts
5. Conclusions

Writing:
1. Inverted pyramid
2. Heading
3. Lead
4. Details
5. Visual content

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17
Q

Advantages of digital news media compared with print from a news providers perspective

A

quick trf of news or info
ability to push on the go
reach a younger or broader audience

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18
Q

Define the term communications campaign:

A

use of the media, messaging and an organised set of communication activities to generate specific outcomes among a large number of individuals.

  • they are an attempt to shape behaviour towards desirable social outcomes.
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19
Q

Briefly describe 4 advantages of communications campaigns:

A
  1. Complex programmes of public info & awareness
  2. Effective use of resources
  3. Combination of methods - same objective
  4. Repetition of message
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20
Q

List & briefly describe the 5 main stages of developing a communication campaign

A
  1. Situation analysis
  2. Objectives
  3. Tactics/action plan
  4. Action
  5. Evaluate
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21
Q

In the context of communications campaigns what is SMART?

A

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time-bound

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22
Q

What is the key difference between the methods that are appropriate for the diffusion of a simple change compared to a difficult change?

A

Simple:
General stimulating info. Mass media method, group methods.

Difficult:
Same approach but must introduce individual communication methods, individual or small group methods.

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23
Q

What is the purpose of evaluating a communications campaign?

Study These Flashcards
A

allows to identify why/how campaign objectives was not achieved.
Analysis if target audience was correctly captured.
Was the attitude /behaviour/ad/transfer of info etc appropriate.

24
Q

Distinguish between 4 types of evaluation that are recognised when evaluating campaigns?

Study These Flashcards
A

Formative : Assess the strengths & weaknesses of campaign materials & strategies before or during a campaign.

Process: Measures effort & direct outputs of the campaign.

Outcome: Measures effect & changes that result from the campaign.

Impact: Measures change or long-term results of the campaign.

FPOI

25
Describe three characteristics of effective communications campaigns.
- capture the attn.of the right audience - deliver an understandable and credible message - deliver a message that influences the beliefs and understanding of the audience.
26
What is the contribution of farm open days and demos for farmers relative to other knowledge transfer approaches? Outline 3 aspects
Practical learning Peer learning Contextualised learning - real world farm specific makes learning relevant and applicable
27
Outline the 4 main requirements for a successful farm demo
Purpose (clear & jointly agreed) Problem (tailored to farmers needs) Place (physically and socially acceptable) Personnel (trusted team of organisers)
28
Explain 3 aspects of peer learning which are assoc with farm demos?
Result - show the difference of old vs new Method - Teach a new skill Action - Challenge policy/advocate for change
29
Outline 6 key factors to consider when preparing a method demo.
1. Identify practical objective 2. Have everything ready 3. Job/task analysis 4. Prepare the audience 5. Teach/present the practical skills 6. Each participant practices under supervision(inidiv/groups)
30
Outline 5 key factors to consider when selecting a site & host farmer for a demo on a farm.
Accessibility - should b easy to reach for target audience Relevance - the farm should represent typical conditions & practices for the target group Host interest - the farmer should be willing and enthusiastic Credibility - host farmer should be respected and trusted within the farming community Local engagement - the site and host should be acceptable and known to target audience
31
What is Peyton's (1998) 4 stage approach to teaching a skill?
Initial demonstration - skill is shown at normal speed with minimal explanation Detailed repetition - skill is repeated with full explanation; learners are encouraged to ask questions. Learner explanation - demonstrator repeats the skill while the learner repeats each step & is questioned; corrections are given as needed. Learner practice - learner performs the skill under close supervision.
32
What are the attributes that help define a group?
a group consists of people: - who are in interaction & communication - who agree and have a common purpose - who have the ability and willingness to act as a collective unit - who recognise they are interdependent -who have established 'ground rules' for how they operate (organisation ) - who have a shared identity
33
distinguish between advisory groups, task groups and marketing groups
* **Advisory groups** - tend to check their ideas more thoroughly and make better decisions than inidividuals * **Task groups** - are formed to complete a specific project or task within a set timeframe and disband once the objective is achieved. * **Marketing groups** - focus on promoting products, services, or ideas to target audiences to drive engagement, sales, or awareness.
34
why do farmers join farmer discussion groups?
Task needs - common aim or goal which cannot be realised unless they work with others. Providers info support and delivers on the members expectations i.e. get the job done. Socio-emotional needs - members enjoy interaction
35
List & explain in order, Tuckmans 5 stages of group formation & development
FORMING - members get to know each other STORMING - members come to resist control by group leaders and show hostility NORMING - members work together developing close relationships PERFORMING - group members work towards getting their jobs done. ADJOURNING - group may disband either after meeting their goals.
36
characteristics of a good group dynamic?
good leadership trust collaboration know each other well communication adaptability shared purpose and goal clear expectations team culture
37
List & briefly explain 5 barriers to listening
On-off - ppl think 4x faster than they speak so a listener has 75% 'free time' in their thoughts and uses this to think of their own issues which are often unrelated to the speaker Red-flag - certain words/phrases can be triggering Open ears:closed mind - we decide quickly that the subject or speaker is boring and stop listening. Glassy-eyed - our thoughts are far away from the listening scenario, day dreaming, facial expression. Too deep for me - we decide that we cannot understand a piece of info that others will not also. Dont rock the boat - we all have fave ideas and povs & may not like them being challenged. When someone challenges we often counterattack.
38
Briefly explain 6 approaches to decision making by groups
1. Consensus - discussion until everyone in in agreement 2. Majority - team votes and majority wins 3. Minority - can be a subcommittee that investigates and makes recommendations for action. 4. Expert - find or hire an expert listen to what they say and follow their recommendations 5. Authority ( without consultation) - involves predetermined decisions handed down from a higher authority 6. Authority ( with consultation) - gains commitment from group members and develops a lively discussion.
39
what is the relevance of culture in group leadership?
Leadership style communication conflict motivation adaption
40
distinguish between the main styles of leadership as they relate to working with groups
AUTOCRATIC - makes decisions alone, effective in emergencies LAISSEZ-FAIRE - leader gives little direction, works with self-motivated groups DEMOCRATIC - involves the group in decisions, promotes commitment but takes time.
41
What are the 5 strategies for managing conflict in groups?
Surface harmony Problem solving Avoidance Suppression Compromise
42
What are the benefits of social media for knowledge exchange?
knowledge transfer stimulates indiv & collective learning Global scale
43
What are the barriers to farmers engaging with apps?
taking too long to set up or learn how to use high cost lack of phone/internet coverage lack of apps relevant to enterprise
44
how can social media be used in ag?
network building discussion knowledge exchange access info outside of local/national setting
45
what are the main reasons farmers use social media
self training - source of knowledge reassurance - reinforces farming identity - builds sense of community Extending - extend on groups that exist in real life Transmission - providing knowledge for others
46
How can precision agriculture contribute to sustainability?
reduction in fert & pesticide use potential to reduce costs & environmental damage Reduced fuel consumption due to machine guidance Reduction of negative externalities Evidence of benefits varied
47
what are the 4 elements of the Johari window? Which element contributes most to effective personal communication?
blind self unknown self open self hidden self Expanding the ' open area' enables people to better understand you and communicate with you while also helps you to better communicate with them.
48
Distinguish betweeb assertive, passive, aggressive & passive/aggressive communication styles.
ASSERTIVE: standing up for your own needs while respecting the needs of others. PASSIVE: Putting others needs before your own. AGGRESSIVE: Putting your needs before others. PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE: Deceptively putting your needs above others.
49
How can you develop skills for empathy?
-Listen carefully to what others are saying. -Share your own feelings & experiences -Don't jump to conclusions -Be aware of your own opinions and how they may colour your understanding of others. -Offer your support, whether its a helping hand or a listening ear.
50
What are the 5 basic stages for all one-to-one consultations/meetings with a client?
1. Prep 2. Opening 3. Questioning/listening 4. Reflecting & summarising 5. Closing
51
Distinguish between a persons attitudes, beliefs & values
ATTITUDES : learned predispositions to respond favourably or unfavourably to something ( likes-dislikes) BELIEFS - the way in which we structure reality ( true-false) VALUES - enduring concepts of what is right or wrong ( good-bad)
52
What are the 3 stages of Egans skilled helper model?
1. Current scenario 2. Preferred scenario 3. Action strategiesD
53
Distinguish between reach and market share as they relate to radio broadcasting
REACH (LEADERSHIP) - size of audience reached by radio in general or by a specific station as a % of the population in the catchment area for the station ( adult population) MARKET SHARE - share of all minutes listened for a particular radio station between 7am-7pm
54
Why is it important to understand peoples listening habits when communicating through radio?
Right timing- reaches audience Right station- matches age region & interests Effective message- clear,short & suited to radio style. Better impact- more likely to be heard and remembered Cost-effective - targets audience without any waste Builds connection- tone & content feel relevant & respectful.
55
What are the main limitations of the radio as a communication medium?
Transient medium - message cant b replayed Short attn span Limited influence - raises awareness but rarely drives action One-way - no listener feedback Message retention - harder to remember than written media Audience varies - habits differ by time, age & region so reaching everyone is hard.
56
What are the key considerations in effectively using radio to raise public interest in an event?
Know your audience Choose the right station Repeat the message - repetition boosts recall in transient medium. Respect the listener - speak like a friend not a lecture.
57

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