Review Questions

Question 1

What is the major link between the endocrine system and the nervous system

Answer 1

hypothalamus

Question 2

what gland regulates the activity of the endocrine glands

Answer 2

pituitary gland

Question 3

whats the stalk like structure that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Answer 3

infundibulum

Question 4

what connects the capillaries in the hypothalamus to capillaries in the anterior pituitary

Answer 4

hypophyseal portal veins

Question 5

Growth hormone releasing hormone stimulates what hormones

Answer 5

HGH & IGF

Question 6

hGH promotes the synthesis and secretion of what hormones

Answer 6

IGF

Question 7

what stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland

Answer 7

TSH

Question 8

what initiates the development of the ovarian follicles

Answer 8

FSH

Question 9

what causes constriction of the arterioles thus causing an increase in BP

Answer 9

ADH

Question 10

whats the butterfly shaped gland located just below thw larynx

Answer 10

thyroid gland

Question 11

what cells produce the two thyroid hormones

Answer 11

follicular

Question 12

what are the hormones produced by the thyroid gland

Answer 12

T3 and T4

Question 13

what does thyroid hormones increase

Answer 13

basal metabolic rate

Question 14

what hormone also stimulates protein synthesis, increase the use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production

Answer 14

thyroid hormones

Question 15

calcitonin is produced by what cells in the thyroid gland

Answer 15

parafollicular

Question 16

small round masses of glandular tissue that are partially embedded in the poster surface of the thyroid gland

Answer 16

parathyroid gland

Question 17

what cells in the parathyroid gland release PTH

Answer 17

chief cells

Question 18

PTH is the major regulator of what levels in the blood

Answer 18

calcium

magnesium

phosphate

Question 19

what gland promotes the formation of the hormone calcitrol

Answer 19

parathyroid gland

Question 20

what fictions does the pancreas have

Answer 20

endocrine

Question 21

pancreas of alpha cells secretes what

Answer 21

glucagon

Question 22

alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon is stimulated by what ANS system

Answer 22

sympathetic

Question 23

beta cells secrete what hormones

Answer 23

insulin

Question 24

beta cells secrete the hormone insulin is stimulated by what ANS system

Answer 24

parasympathetic

Question 25

what are the three zones of the adrenal cortex

Answer 25

zona glomerulosa zona fasciculata zona reticularis

Question 26

what hormone does the zona glomerulos secrete

Answer 26

aldestrone

Question 27

what hormone does the zona fasciculata release

Answer 27

cortisol

Question 28

what zona reticularis release

Answer 28

androgens

Question 29

what are conditions that initiate the renin angiotensin aldostrone pathway

Answer 29

deyhydration sodium deficiency hemorrhage

Question 30

what are the hormones produced by the ovaries

Answer 30

estrogen progesterone

Question 31

besides estrogen and progesterone what else do the ovaries produce

Answer 31

inhibin

Question 32

inhibin inhibits the secretion of what

Answer 32

FSH

Question 33

where is the pineal gland located

Answer 33

roof of the 3rd ventricle midline

Question 34

what contributes to setting the body's biological clock

Answer 34

melatonin

Question 35

a decrease in HGH causes what

Answer 35

muscle atrophy

Question 36

decrease in thyroid hormones cause what

Answer 36

decrease in BMR increase body fat hypothyrodism

Question 37

in the second stage what effects does cortisol have

Answer 37

stimulates release of glucose by the liver, breakdown of tryglycerides

Question 38

what effects does prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol have on the body in the exhaustion phase

Answer 38

wasting of muscles suppression of immune system ulceration of GI tract failure of pancreatic beta cells

Question 39

what are the two types of hypoglycemia

Answer 39

fasting postprandial

Question 40

what are sx of postprandial hypoglycemia

Answer 40

sweating palpations anxiety tremulousness confusion agitation

Question 41

at what values does hypoglycemia begin to show sx

Answer 41

60mg/dL

Question 42

at what value does hypoglycemia begin to impair brain function

Answer 42

50mg/dL

Question 43

prediabetes has what lab value

Answer 43

100 -125 mg/dL

Question 44

what are risk factors for prediabetes

Answer 44

Family Hx obesity Diet physical inactivity race

Question 45

what type of Sx will prediabetics have

Answer 45

asymptomatic

Question 46

why could a patient show pre diabetic lab values

Answer 46

non fasting serum glucose obtained

Question 47

what medications could cause prediabetes

Answer 47

corticosteroids antibiotics betabockers psych meds thiazide diuretics

Question 48

what is the treatment for prediabetes

Answer 48

weight loss metformin

Question 49

what is a s/s diabetes

Answer 49

polyuria polydipsia

Question 50

what is the lab value for diabetes 1 & 2

Answer 50

126mg/dL

Question 51

diabetics have a higher chance of what type of GU infection

Answer 51

candidal vaginitis

Question 52

what will be present in type 1 diabetes UA

Answer 52

glucosuria ketonemia ketonuria

Question 53

what are complications of type 1 diabetes

Answer 53

neuropathy nepropathy heart dosease ophthalmology diabetic cataracts diabetic retionpathy

Question 54

is ketonurea and weight loss common at time of type 2 diabetes Dx

Question 55

what will be present in UA dipstick for type 2 diabetes

Answer 55

glucosuria

Question 56

mothers with gestational diabetes who go untreated by give birth to what type of children

Answer 56

macrosomia (high birth weight)

Question 57

diabetic ketoacidosis will have what glucose lab value

Answer 57

hyperglycemia >250mg/dL

Question 58

what are clinical finding for DKA

Answer 58

rapid breathing fruity breath hypotension tachycardia

Question 59

whats the initial management of DKA

Answer 59

volume repletion

Question 60

DKA pt glucose should be maintained at what

Answer 60

200-300mg/dL