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astronomy exam 4 > Review Questions > Flashcards

Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Neutron stars

A

A core with remaining mass of 1.4 to 3 solar mass, composed of tightly packed neutrons

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2
Q

Black Holes

A

A remaining core with a mass of more than 3 solar mass.

-Will continue to collapse into an infinitely small location in space

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3
Q

_______ cannot escape a black hole

A

Light

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4
Q

Planets in order Acronym

A

My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine…

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5
Q

Planets in order

A

1) Mercury
2) Venus
3) Earth
4) Mars
5) Jupiter
6) Saturn
7) Uranus
8) Neptune

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6
Q

Inner (Terrestrial) Planet Features

A

small, rocky, have few moons, no rings

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7
Q

Venus Characteristics

A

1) completely hidden beneath thick atmosphere/clouds

2) extremely high atmospheric pressure

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8
Q

Mars Characteristics

A

1) once geologically active

2) large storm due to high pressure

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9
Q

In terms of orbital distance, Inner planets are ______ _________ than outer planets

A

Drastically different.

-much smaller

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10
Q

Jupiter Characteristics

A

1) Gas Planet
2) largest planet in our solar system
3) has 4 large moons

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11
Q

Saturn Characteristics

A

1) Has the most extensive ring system

- composed of ice and ice-coated rocks

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12
Q

Neptune Characteristics

A

1) Brilliant Blue

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13
Q

Uranus characteristics

A

1) Hazy atmosphere

2) Tilt gives it very exaggerated seasons

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14
Q

The Kuiper Belt is located ________.

A

outside Pluto

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15
Q

the Kuiper Belt is _____ times as wide as the asteroid belt

A

20X

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16
Q

The Oort Cloud is located _______.

A

Outside Pluto

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17
Q

the Oort cloud is home to _______ comets

A

~ 1 trillion

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18
Q

The Asteroid Belt is located between _________.

A

Mars and Jupiter

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19
Q

Direct Imaging

A

Using techniques to block out the host star’s light

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20
Q

Astrometry

A

Detect planets by measuring the change in a star’s position in the sky

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21
Q

Doppler Affect Definition

A

the change in wavelength of radiation (light) due to the relative motion between the source and the observer along the line of sight

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22
Q

Astronomers use the Doppler Effect to….

A

learn about the radial (along the line of sight) motions of stars, and other astronomical objects

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23
Q

when something which is giving off light move towards or away from you, the wavelength of the emitted light is ________.

A

changed or “shifted”

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24
Q

Redshift

A

When the source of light is moving away from the observer

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25
Redshifts will cause the wavelength of the emitted light to ______.
Appear to increase
26
Blueshift
When the source of light is moving towards form the observer
27
Blueshifts will cause the wavelength of the emitted light to _______.
Appear to decrease
28
The doppler Effect only happens for motion moving _______.
moving along the line of sight
29
Objects move faster towards or away from you will exhibit a ________.
larger blue or red shift
30
Measuring a stars doppler Shift can tell us its _________.
motion toward and away form us
31
Transit Method
Measuring a planets light as it passes between us and a star as it dims and reappears.
32
The Drake Equation
The number of civilizations in our galaxy in with which communication might be possible.
33
The milky way is ________ light years across, but only ________ light years thick.
100,000 ; 1,000
34
Stars in the disk all orbit _________.
in the same direction.
35
Stars in the bulge and halo have ________ orbits.
random
36
Interstellar Medium definition
the term for the material (gas and dust) which resides between the stars
37
Low mass stars return gas to the ISM by ___________.
blowing off their outer layers
38
High mass stars return material in two ways:
1) stellar winds blow off much of the outer envelope before the supernovae takes place 2) supernovae return nearly all of the products of fusion to the ISM
39
Summary of the star-gas-star
1) stars make new elements by fusion 2) dying stars expel gas and new elements producing hot bubbles 3) hot gas cools, allowing atomic hydrogen clouds to form 4) further cooling permits molecules to form, making molecular clouds 5) gravity forms new stars ( and planets) in molecular clouds
40
Radio (atomic Hydrogen) show______.
where gas has cooled and settled into disk
41
Radio (CO) waves show________.
where the molecular gas lives
42
Infrared emissions show ______.
where the dust is and its heat
43
X- emissions are observed _______.
from hot gas above and below the Milky Ways disk
44
Gamma-Rays show _______.
where cosmic rays from supernovae collide with atomic nuclei in gas clouds
45
Halo stars formed ____, disk stars formed ______
first; later
46
What is at the center of our Milky Way
black hole/supermassive black hole
47
Cosmology definition
the study of the overall structure and evolution of the universe
48
the milky way resides in the _______
local group
49
The local group is home to ________ other galaxies
~ 50
50
the diameter of the milky way is _________ light years.
~ 10 million
51
Spiral galaxies are often found in ________
groups of galaxies
52
Elliptical galaxies are much more common in _______
huge clusters of galaxies
53
Dark Matter composes about _____ of the galaxy
26%
54
Hubble's law
the spectra of nearly all galaxies are redshifted, meaning that they re moving away form us
55
'Modern' Hubble's Law
Velocity = H0 * distance
56
How do we measure distance?
the spectra of galaxies
57
What does redshift mean?
Time between now and a given redshift
58
Big Bang:
Everything happened at one small point
59
2 pieces of evidence for the big bang
1) Residual Heat (light) everywhere 2) number of stars - ---we can only see a certain number of stars because the universe began at a certain moment
60
2 pieces of evidence for Dark Matter
1) Flat velocity curves - ------speed of stars remain constant 2) Galaxy cluster - -----the speed galaxies orbit
61
5th largest planet
Earth

astronomy exam 4 (2 decks)

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