Review Unit

Question 1

what happens to k in an equation when it is reversed

Answer 1

becomes inverse 1/k

Question 2

when doing stoicheometry with different coefficients

CO2+2Al

Answer 2

remember that 1 mol of from the balanced equation equals 2 mols of the other

Question 3

where is the bonding point on a potential energyvs internuclear distance

Answer 3

the lowest point

Question 4

what does less occupied shells of electrons mean

Answer 4

the cloud is less polarizable

Question 5

what does a larger ka mean

Answer 5

a stronger acid

Question 6

if you want to increase pH by 1 how mjch more factor of ml need to be added

Answer 6

a factor of 10 of the base (for increases)

Question 7

when are polar covalent bonds formed

Answer 7

when the molecules geometry are asymetrical aranged to not cancel out polairy

Question 8

when are nonpolar covalent bonds formed

Answer 8

when the molecules geometry are symmetrical aranged to cancel out polairy

Question 9

kinetic molecular theory

Answer 9

a model that explains the physical behavior that they are always in constant random motion
says that molecules don’t stick or connect

Question 10

what is an ideal gas condition

Answer 10

low temperature and high pressure

Question 11

if you have a polar solution with chromotography what happens

Answer 11

the more polar molecule travels farther up

Question 12

solubility

Answer 12

the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance to form a solution

Question 13

spectroscopy and the five types of light and what they do to electrons

Answer 13

how matter interacts with light

xray: ejects electrongs
UV: breaks bonds
Visible: changes shells then changes back
infared: Vibrates the molecules
Microwave: Rotates the electrons

Question 14

what is the relationship between wavelength and frequency

Answer 14

higher wavelength equals a lower frequency

Question 15

relate q and h to an equation and what can two things you NOT FORGET

Answer 15

q = number of moles multiplid by H

q of the surrounding is the negative q of the reaction and REMEMBER BALANCED EQUATION

Question 16

how to find the temperature of air in a given reaction

Answer 16

remember to flip the q if you already have found it

use q=mcat and then solve for change in time

t = q/mc

then remember to add to the original temperature already given

Question 17

does a reaction speed up or slow down (loses mass quickly or slowly as it progresses)

Answer 17

the reaction slows down so the rate of losing mass also slows down

Question 18

if rate of losing mass is constant what is the order of the reaction

Answer 18

zeroth order

Question 19

WHAT TO NOT FORGET WHEN MAKING A BALANCED EQUATION

Answer 19

CHARGES!!!!!!

Question 20

difference between q and k

Answer 20

q is products over reactants and tells you any movement

k is products over reactants and tells you movement at equilibrium

Question 21

what happens and what does it mean when

q< k
q>k
q = k

Answer 21

moves to the right, too many reactants
moves to the left, too many products
no shift equal

Question 22

how do you find total mass when you need to use the mcat equation

Answer 22

use density formula because you need the total mass of the entire solution that includes water

Question 23

if oxidation number increases is it oxidation or reduction

Answer 23

oxidation

Question 24

if you multiply amperes times seconds what do you get and what does that relate to

Answer 24

columbs which relates to faradays constant

Question 25

when using the E=Hv equation what unit does E have to be in and how do you convert

Answer 25

Joules of Electrons so you use the avogadros number to convert the energy you have

Question 26

which step of a reaction is the rate determing step

Answer 26

the slow step

Question 27

when you have a weak acid and a salt how does that make a buffer

Answer 27

The salt gives the conjugate base (A⁻) because The salt dissolves leaving only A- Now you have HA + A⁻ → buffer!

Question 28

when you have a weak acid and a strong base how does that make a buffer

Answer 28

Strong base converts some HA → A⁻ Makes both HA + A⁻ → buffer! The OH reacts with the HA and forms both H2O and some A-

Question 28

what happens to a buffer when you had a strong acid

Answer 28

The A- in the buffer neutralizes the H+ by forming HA

Question 29

what happens to a buffer when you add a strong base

Answer 29

OH is neutralized by the HA to create water and another A-

Question 30

when are HA and A- equal

Answer 30

half way to the equivalence point

Question 31

at the equivalence point what two things are equal in terms of a buffer

Answer 31

Moles of HA originally there is equal to Moles of Base

Question 32

How do you calculate Q

Answer 32

products over reactants

Question 33

what does a longer radius and more occupied shells mean on a potential energy vs bond length graph

Answer 33

longer bond length but lower potential energy

Question 34

How do you calculate combined reactions with H values

Answer 34

Final H = Reaction 1 + Reaction 2

Question 35

What increases a rate of the reaction (four things)

Answer 35

catalyst increase concentration high temperature high pressure

Question 36

If you need to see which moleules whill dissociate more between a molecule with a Cl and a molecule with a H which one will?

Answer 36

The molecule with the Cl because it is more electronegatie and broadens the charge

Question 37

What should be constant for an idea gas and if they're not what causes that

Answer 37

PV/NRT high temperature low pressure AND Inter-Molecular forces

Question 38

How to tell which molecule will condense first

Answer 38

the one with the weakest IMF forces since it has a lower boiling point

Question 39

How can you figure out how many electrons are being transferred

Answer 39

If Cl oxidation number goes from -1 to 0 there is 1 electron transfered every one Cl and if two Cl's are transfred then there are two electrons being trasnfered

Question 40

what does a delocalized electron indicate

Answer 40

they flow and create electricity

Question 41

what is a substitutional alloy

Answer 41

takes the place of another molecule to form a sea of electrons

Question 42

what is an interstitial alloy

Answer 42

Molecules fill in between the gaps of other molecule to create a sea of electrons

Question 43

if you have a longer wavelength and a smalller wavelength which one has more energy

Answer 43

the smaller wavelength

Question 44

If you have an N-H bond and an O-C bond which one will form a better hydrogen bond

Answer 44

the N-H bond because the bond is more electronegative and is easier to be polarized

Question 45

if you decrease in energy like from a solid to a liquid what is H

Answer 45

negative

Question 46

how do you SOLVE a ksp with this equation 2OH + H

Answer 46

ksp= 2[OH]^2 times [H]

Question 47

if you don't account for a caliometer in a reaction what happens to q

Answer 47

A lower temperature will happen because the caliometer adds heat so then q will be small

Question 48

what type of q does the mcat equation give you

Answer 48

the q of the surroundings

Question 49

How would one convert from Kj to J/electron and what equation is this needed

Answer 49

E = hv First times by 1000 to convert to Joules. Then since it's technically kJ/mol and mol is on the bottom you use stoichiemoetry to cancel out the mols. Every one mol of electron is equal to avogadro's number So in short, convert to J and divide by avogadros number

Question 50

what charge does SO4 hace

Answer 50

-2w

Question 51

how does a fingerprint on a cuvette affect absorbance

Answer 51

it increases absorbance

Question 52

what does a slope = in A=ebc

Answer 52

slope = e*b

Question 53

is concentration unproportional to pressure

Answer 53

no

Question 54

what is cell potential dependent on

Answer 54

the concentrations of the reaction

Question 55

what is the ration of addition for both weak acid and salt weak acid and strong base

Answer 55

1:1 2:1

Question 56

ways to titrate(3) and their ph

Answer 56

strong acid strong base =7 weak acid strong base > 7 strong acid weak base <7

Question 57

how to tell what order a reaction is (for each order) | i

Answer 57

if the concentration doubles and then the rate doubles then the reaction is first order if the concentration halves and the rate stays the same then the reaction is zero order if the concentration doubles and the rate quadruples then the reaction is second order

Question 58

the molecule: KH4O6. if the molarity of H4O6 is.5 what is the molarity of K

Answer 58

.5

Question 59

pair the acid and base with what they do with H+ atoms | a

Answer 59

an acid donates an H a base accepts an H

Question 60

what is HB in the KB expression

Answer 60

the conjugate acid

Question 61

fromula for percent ionization

Answer 61

concentration of OH or H+ divided by the inital concentration added

Question 62

what is the carboxyl group

Answer 62

Double bonded O to C with a single bonded O to a single bonded H

Question 63

where is the hydrogen that is lost to water

Answer 63

in the carboxyl group

Question 64

if concentration / time is linear what order

Answer 64

zero

Question 65

if natural log concentration/ time is linear what order

Answer 65

first

Question 66

if 1/concentration / time is linear what order

Answer 66

second

Question 67

when you have a weak base what is the conjugate acids stregnth

Answer 67

strong

Question 68

what does a strong and strong titrations ph at equivalence point equal

Answer 68

7

Question 69

what is the ksp of KCl

Answer 69

concentration of K times concentration of Cl

Question 70

if you have a polar mobile phase what does the stationary phase have to be

Answer 70

nonpolar

Question 71

which 7 molecules can never be alone in the gas state

Answer 71

Hydrogen oxygen Flourine Bromine Iodine Nitrogen Chlorine

Question 72

IF pressure is additive does partial pressure change

Answer 72

no

Question 73

how to know if q of the reaction is posotive or negative

Answer 73

if h is negative then q is negative and if h is positive then q is positive

Question 74

whats the biggest shell

Answer 74

s shell and it loses electrons first

Question 75

How do you find empirical formula

Answer 75

get the mols of both, divide by the smallest mols and the number provided is the amount of atoms in both

Question 76

What are the CALCULATED units for 1 volt

Answer 76

1 Joule per coloumb

Question 77

formula for formal charge

Answer 77

Valence electrons of all atoms - all lone pairs - B/2 (b = total number of electrons)

Question 78

What does a buret have to be rinsed with before adding a buffer

Answer 78

first water and then the acid or base

Question 79

Which is the acid HN3 or HN2

Answer 79

HN3 because it has a Hydrogen to donate

Question 80

which electron is removed first (list the three stages in order) 1s 2s 3p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

Answer 80

4p electrons, 4s electrons, 3 d electrons,

Question 81

if it's first order what is constant

Answer 81

half life

Question 82

when reacting AlCl3 + H2O will it be acidic or basic

Answer 82

two equations: equals Al(OH)3 plus H+ and HCl + OH- since HCl is stronger than Al(OH)3 the Al(OH)3 stays together resulting in an acidic solution

Question 83

in rate law, what does a higher temperature increase

Answer 83

k because there's more collisions between the molecules so it increases rate as well

Question 84

how to test if ions are prsent in a solution

Answer 84

test the conductivity

Question 85

how do you know when toa dd the masses together in a mcat equation

Answer 85

when there is a salt present in the water becasue water is needed to react them a salt is anything ionic

Question 86

which group 1 metals canot exist stably on their own

Answer 86

K, Rb, Cs, Liw

Question 87

what do you have to remember about electron configurations

Answer 87

cation that from naturally (like 2+ get rid of two electrons)

Question 88

where does current flow in elecyrolysis

Answer 88

to the cathode where reduction occursw

Question 89

what does avogadros number mean in units

Answer 89

photons per mol

Question 90

what is rate law determinant on

Answer 90

the reactants `

Question 91

HOW TO FIND PERCENT Ionization

Answer 91

concentration of ions over concentration of solution

Question 92

based on periodic table trends, what makes a stronger force

Answer 92

the more electronegative and smaller radius

Question 93

what is the equation to find Q (when there's a phase change)

Answer 93

Q= delta h of fusion or evaporation times by moles

Question 94

What is delta G once in equilibrium

Answer 94

0

Question 95

when do you use rice charts with x

Answer 95

in gas equations