reviewer Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
carbohydrates have what kind of bond?
A
glycosidic bonds
2
Q
what type of chains are in carbohydrates?
A
long chains of sugar molecules
3
Q
what type of monomer is in carbohydrates
A
monasaccharides
4
Q
what are carbohydrates composed of?
A
carbon, hydrogen, oxgyen
5
Q
what biomolecule makes raw material for photosynthesis?
A
carbohydrates
6
Q
type of biomolecule that stores energy
A
lipids
7
Q
all food has carbohydrate except what?
A
water
8
Q
these are the building blocks of biomolecules
A
monomers
9
Q
what are the classifications and naming of sugars based on?
A
number of carbons or size of carbon skeleton or location of carbonyl group
10
Q
3c =
A
triode
11
Q
5c =
A
pentose (ribose, ribulose)
12
Q
6c =
A
hexose (glucose, galactose, fructose)
13
Q
if oxygen is at the end it is called –
A
aldoses
14
Q
if oxygen is within it is called –
A
ketoses
15
Q
plants are more likely to be ketose. t or f
A
t
16
Q
this biomolecule provides energy
A
carbohydrates
17
Q
these are also known as simple sugar.
A
monosaccharides
18
Q
monomers ; most common common contains how many carbon rings
A
6 or 5 membered carbon rings
19
Q
these serve as raw materials in monomers
A
carbon skeleton
20
Q
what are examples of isomers
A
glucose and galactose
21
Q
any molecule that mirrors each other
A
isomer
22
Q
it has mild sweet flavor
A
glucose
23
Q
it is present in all the sugar
A
glucose
24
Q
also known as blood sugar
A
glucose
25
it is found in every disaccharide and polysaccharide
glucose
26
it is the basic unit to produce atp
glucose
27
atp meaning
adenosine triphosphate
28
too much glucose causes what?
hypertension
29
hardly tastes sweet
galactose
30
rarely found naturally as a simple sugar
galactose
31
only found in polysaccharide esp. lactose
galactose
32
it is the sweetest sugar
fructose
33
where is fructose found?
fruits and honey
34
where do u add fructose
soft drinks, cereals, desserts
35
it is found in condiments
fructose
36
this is a very complicated sugar that is hard to digest, will affect different cellular processes and systems
high fructose corn syrup
37
two monosaccharides joined by glyosidic linkage by the process of dehydration synthesis
disaccharides
38
this is always present in disaccharides
glucose
39
glucose + fructose makes what?
sucrose, table sugar
40
monosaccharide + monosaccharide is?
disaccharide
41
what type of sugar is malt sugar
maltose
42
glucose + glucose =
maltose
43
glucose + galactose =
lactose
44
tastes sweet
sucrose
45
produced when starch breaks down
maltose
46
it is not abundant, seen in beers, milo
maltose
47
what is the main carbohydrate in milk
lactose
48
this type of sugar is mostly from animals
lactose
49
how to make non lactose
add lactase
50
it is the substitute for milk
cereals
51
they are people more likely to be lactose intolerant
southeast asians
52
these are also known as oligosaccharides
polysaccharides
53
these are complex carbohydrates
polysaccharides
54
its structure is sugar monomers & positions of its glycosidic linkage
polysaccharides
55
has short chains and can be attached to another biomolecule
polymer
56
under a microscope it looks like howard projection
polysaccharides
57
mitochondria is an example of?
polysaccharides
58
these are found in plants and is a polymer of glucose monomers
starch
59
starch is joined by ----
1-4 linkage glycosidic
60
simplest form of starch
amylose
61
these are not found in root crops
amylose
62
why can starch be a sub for rice?
because it contains lots of sugar or glucose molecules
63
it is liver, muscle cells, and fat cells
glycogen
64
it includes the keto food pyramid and has systemic and cellular energy source
glycogen
65
where do people who do keto take their energy from?
mainly from carbohydrates
66
it is a major component of the tough walls than enclose plant cells
cellulose
67
it contains fiber and is the most abundant organic compound on earth
cellulose
68
this helps with digestion
cellulose
69
how does cellulose help with digestion?
fiber wraps around the food that we eat and breaks it down
70
it is the major constituent in the exoskeleton
chitin
71
where is chitin found?
arthropods, cell walls of fungi, insects
72
when chitin is eaten, how will it come out?
same form
73
how do u excrete chitin?
nervous system gives lots of enzymes
74
what is the main function of lipids?
stores energy
75
what is the monomer of a lipid?
none. lipids have no monomers.
76
lipids are composed of what?
C H O
77
types of lipids
glycerol/fats/triglyceride
phospholipids
steroids
78
what is the structure of fats
glycerol head with 3 fatty acids
79
what are called hydrocarbon chains
fatty acids
80
a type of fat that contains a long straight chain and is solid at room temp. this is mostly animal fat
saturated
81
this type of fat constitutes to cardiovascular diseases
saturated
82
what type of bonds do saturated fats have
single bonds
83
these are the fats in plants and fish
unsaturated fat
84
type of fat in vegetable oil
unsaturated
85
type of fat that is liquid at room temp because molecules are not tightly packed together
unsaturated
86
what is the cause of the bending of unsaturated fats
double bends
87
what type of bonds do unsaturated fats have?
double bounds
88
what are the two types of phospholipids
hydrophobic and hydrophilic
89
phospholipids that have fatty acid tails are called?
hydrophobic
90
when a phospholipid has PO4, what is it called?
hydrophilic
91
this type of lipid can be found in cell membranes
phospholipids
92
what does bilayer mean?
has double layers
93
phosphate head is water loving and does what?
protects our cells from anything that will come in
94
these are water hating
fatty acids, which is why fats cant mix with water
95
what are inside phospholipids
fatty acid chains
96
it is a important cell component
steroids
97
what causes plaque build up in our blood vessels
steroids
98
these are arteries that supply the heart muscle itself
coronary arteries
99
what supplies the myocardium?
blood vessels
100
what collects blood from myocardial capilliaries and channel it right back to the right atrium
coronary veins
101
what makes up total of cholesterol
LDL + HDL + TRIGLYCERIDES
102
ldl means what
low density lipoprotein
103
it is bad cholesterol because it is the one that causes cholesterol to plaque in our arteries
low density lipoprotein
104
it is good cholesterol becuase it removes cholesterol from our body
high density lipoprotein
105
how are fats chemically digested
digested by lipase
106
it is a diverse group of large and complex polymer molecules made up of long chains of amino acids
proteins
107
what aids us in transportinf oxygen?
hemoglobin
108
what makes proteins?
amino acids
109
what enables plants to synthesize glucose?
rubsico
110
what are the monomers of proteins?
amino acid
111
what is the polymer of proteins?
polypeptide chain
112
what is amino acid composed of?
nitrogen and hydrogen
113
it is the side chain from central carbon atom and can range from simple hydrogen atom to more complex ring structures
r group
114
all proteins are dependent of what?
of our genetic material DNA and RNA
115
selective acceleration of chemical reactions is the process of what?
enzymatic proteins
116
this is like a lock and key model
enzymatic proteins
117
its function is to protect against diseases
defensive proteins
118
can antibodies be defensive proteins?
true
119
it is the coordination of an organisms activities
hormonal proteins
120
what creates a balance for blood sugar levels?
insulin
121
this is the response of the cell to chemical stimuli
receptor
122
this is the stroage of amino acids
storage proteins
123
this is the transport of substances
transport proteins
124
it is the movement in protein
contractile and motor protein
125
these result to a certain movement
actin and myosin
126
is it the support of the protein
structural protein
127
the mnomer of proteins
amino acids
128
WHAT IS THe common enzyme in tears and mucus that kills bacteria
lysosome
129
it is also known as local folding
secondary
130
it is the interaction between adjacent amino acids and the folding along short sections of polypeptide
secondary
131
it is also known as whole molecule folding.
tertiary protein structure
132
protein now consists of more than one amin acid chain
quaternary structure
133
how many polypeptide chains does hemoglobin have?
4 polypetide chains bonded tgt
134
each ---- group can transport one oxyygen molecule
haem
135
amino acids are in chains
primary structure
136
proteins are dependent on what?
genetic material
137
this is the folding of amino acid chains via H BONDS
secondary structure
138
whole molecules are folded via hydrophobic interactions
tertiary structure
139
what bonds can break easily but still form tertiary structure?
hydrogen bonds
140
what has positive charge and negatively charged atom that forms a bond together?
ionic bond
141
what is easy to spot because it can only appear when there is sulfur
disulfide bridges
142
what is more than one polypeptide chain bonded togtehr?
quaternary structure
143
what is for the structure found in skin?
collagen
144
what do scientists use to determine a proteins structure
x-ray crystallography
145
what is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide
146
what is nucleotide composed of?
phosphate head, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
147
what is caused by the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases
antiparallel
148
rhese are weak bonds
hydrogen bonds
149
what used computer software and other computational tools to deal with data resulting from sequencing many genomes?
bioinformatics
150
what do u call analyzing large sets of genes or even comparing whole genomes of different species
genomics
151
what do u call an analysis of large sets of proteins including there sequences?
proteomics
152
what are ALL gene expressions called?
bioinformatics
153
